Meerkats (lat. Suricata suricatta). Kunja, ndi ofanana ndi gopher, ngakhale alibe chochita ndi makoswe. Achibale apafupi kwambiri a meerkats ndi mongooses, ndipo akutali ndi martens.
Kufotokozera kwa meerkats
Meerkats ndi amodzi mwazoyimira zazing'ono za mongoose... Nyama zobowolazi zimakhala m'magawo, omwe kuchuluka kwake sikupitilira anthu 30. Ali ndi kulumikizana kotukuka kwambiri - malinga ndi malingaliro a asayansi, mu "chilankhulo cha meerkats" pali zosachepera 10 zophatikiza zomveka.
Maonekedwe
Kutalika kwa thupi kwa meerkat kumakhala pafupifupi 25-35 cm, ndipo kutalika kwa mchira kumayambira masentimita 17 mpaka 25. Nyamazo zimalemera pang'ono kilogalamu - pafupifupi 700-800 magalamu. Thupi losanjikizika limakulolani kuti musunthire ndikubisala pang'ono ndikubisala m'nkhalango zowuma. Mtundu wa ubweya wa meerkats umatengera dera lomwe amakhala. Mitundu yamitundu imasiyana pakati pa bulauni yakuda mpaka imvi yoyera, fawn, kapena ofiira owala.
Meerkat wam'malo okhala kumwera kwambiri ali ndi utoto wakuda kwambiri wa malaya, ndipo okhala ku Kalahari ndi ana kapena ofiira pang'ono. Anthu okhala m'mapiri (Angola, Nambia) ndi ofiira kwambiri. Mtundu wa malayawo siunifolomu. Tsitsi pamutu ndi lopepuka kuposa ziwalo zina zonse za thupi, kupatula malo amdima ozungulira maso. Kumbuyo kuli mikwingwirima yopingasa yakuda bulauni kapena yakuda.
Ndizosangalatsa! Palibe chovala chovundikira pamimba, koma chovala chamkati chofewa.
Ubweya wa myrkats wopyapyala samapereka matenthedwe abwino, motero nyamazo zimagona mothinikizana kuti zisazizire. M'mawa amatha dzuwa atatentha, m'chipululu. Mchira wautali, wopyapyala wagwedezeka. Tsitsi kumchira ndi lalifupi, lokwanira bwino. Mchira womwewo umapitilizabe utoto ndi chovala chachikulu cha nyamayo, ndipo nsonga yokhayo imakhala yofiirira mumtundu wakuda, yolingana ndi mtundu wa mikwingwirima kumbuyo.
Mchira wa meerkat umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati balancer poyimirira ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo, komanso poopseza otsutsa ndikubweza njoka... Meerkats ali ndi mphuno yowongoka, yopingasa ndi mphuno yakuda yakuda. Nyama zimakhala ndi kununkhira kosavuta, kuzilola kununkhiza nyama yomwe yabisala mumchenga kapena m'nkhalango. Kuphatikiza apo, kununkhira kumakupatsani mwayi kuti mumve fungo la alendo m'dera lanu ndikupewa kulowererapo. Komanso, mwa kununkhiza, meerkats amazindikira awo, amadziwika matenda amzake, njira yoberekera, kulumikizana ndi alendo.
Makutu a mira ali pamutu ndipo amafanana ndi kachigawo kakang'ono. Amakhala otsika mokwanira ndikuda utoto. Malo awa amakutu amalola nyama kumva bwino kuyandikira kwa nkhandwe kapena nyama zina zolusa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pakukumba kwa nyama, makutu ake amatsekedwa kuti asalowemo nthaka.
Meerkats ali ndi maso akulu kwambiri, oyang'ana kutsogolo omwe amatha kusiyanitsidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi makoswe. Tsitsi lakuda mozungulira maso limagwira maudindo awiri nthawi imodzi - limateteza maso ku dzuwa lotentha ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimawonjezera kukula kwawo. Chifukwa cha mabwalowa, kuyang'ana kwa nyama zam'madzi kumakhala koopsa kwambiri, ndipo maso awo amawoneka okulirapo, omwe amawopseza ena mwa otsutsa.
Nyama zimadyetsa makamaka tizilombo ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, chifukwa chake timakhala tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono. Zipangizo zamano zoterezi zimakupatsani mwayi wolimbana ndi zipolopolo za zinkhanira, chivundikiro chokongola cha mphutsi ndi kafadala, pogaya mafupa a nyama ndikuluma kudzera m'mazira a mbalame zazing'ono zomwe zimakhazikika pansi.
Meerkats amayenda ndi miyendo inayi ndi mchira wawo utakwezeka pamwamba. Amatha kuthamanga mwachangu pamitunda yayifupi - m'mipikisano yotere, kuthamanga kwawo kumatha kufikira 30 km / h. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mubisalire mwachangu mdzenje mukawopsezedwa. Kuyimilira kotchuka ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo ndikofunikira kuti mudziteteze nokha ndi abale anu ku ngozi. Pochita izi, alondawo amayang'ana omwe angakhale adani awo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nyama zimakhala ndi maso owoneka bwino kwambiri, omwe nthawi yomweyo amapita patali, osati patali kwambiri. Amafunikira kwambiri kuwona kuti adziwe zoopsa ndi adani, ndipo akasaka amadalira mphamvu yawo ya kununkhiza.
Chingwe chilichonse chimakhala ndi zikhadabo zinayi zazitali zomwe sizibwerera m'manja. Zikhadabo zakumiyendo yakutsogolo ndizitali kuposa zam'mbuyo, ndizopindika. Maonekedwe awa amakupatsani mwayi wokumba maenje obisalira kapena kukumba tizilombo tomwe tikubowola m'nthaka. Ziphuphu sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri polimbana ndi mdani. Ma dimorphism ogonana amawonetsedwa mwakukula kokha - akazi ndi akulu pang'ono kuposa amuna
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Myrkats achitsulo amakhala m'midzi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi nyama 15 mpaka 30. Nthawi zambiri, magulu amakhala akulu - mpaka anthu 60. Nyama zonse zimalumikizidwa ndi ubale wamagazi, alendo samalandiridwa kawirikawiri m'deralo. Mayi wamkulu wachikulire amalamulira paketiyo. Amatsatiridwa ndi maudindo azimayi achichepere, nthawi zambiri alongo, azakhali, azakhali ndi ana aakazi a matriarch. Kenako pamabwera amuna akuluakulu. Mbali yotsikitsitsa imakhala ndi nyama zazing'ono ndi ana. Azimayi apakati amakhala ndiudindo wapadera pagulu, zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndikufunika kwakubala kwambiri.
Udindo wa aliyense m'banjamo umafotokozedwa momveka bwino ku njuchi. Oyimira achichepere - anyamata achimuna ndi achikazi - nthawi zambiri amatenga nawo gawo moyang'aniridwa ndi nyama zakale komanso zodziwa zambiri. Mbadwo wachikulire umayang'anira maenje (chifukwa chake nyamazi zalandira dzina loti "alonda a m'chipululu") ndikusaka nyama. Maola 3-4 aliwonse omvera amasintha - okhuta bwino amakhala osamala, ndipo alonda amapita kukasaka. Magalasi amaonetsa nkhawa osati kokha pokhudzana ndi ana awo, komanso ana aakazi ena; pafupifupi gulu lonse limadyetsa ana okulira. Meerkats achichepere amayang'anitsitsa achichepere pamene akazi amapita kukadyetsa. Usiku komanso nyengo yozizira, nyama zikukhathamira limodzi ndikutenthetsana.
Meerkats amangokhala osakhazikika... Atangodzuka, amatuluka m'manda awo kuti atenthe usiku wozizira. Ndiye ena mwa iwo "amakhala tcheru", pomwe ena amapita kukasaka, patatha maola angapo pali kusintha kosinthana. Kutentha, amabisala mobisa, kukulitsa ndikukulitsa maenje, kubwezeretsa magawo omwe agwa kapena kuyika malembo akale ndi osafunikira.
Maenje atsopano amafunika kuti akalewo awonongeke ndi nyama zina. Kuphatikiza apo, maenje akale nthawi zina amaponyedwa ndi zonunkhiritsa pamene majeremusi ochulukirachulukira azikunjikana. Madzulo, kutentha kukazizira, nyama zimapitanso kukasaka, ndipo dzuwa likangolowa zimabisala m'mabowo.
Meerkats mwachangu amawononga gawo lomwe amakhala ndipo amakakamizidwa kuti aziyenda uku ndi uku nthawi ndi nthawi. Izi nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa mikangano yachiwawa m'malo odyetserako ziweto, momwe meerkats amodzi mwa asanu amawonongeka. Maenjewo amatetezedwa kwambiri ndi akazi, chifukwa banja likafa, adani amapha ana onse.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pakakhala chakudya chokwanira, mikangano pakati pa mabanja ndiyosowa kwambiri. Mikangano imayamba pomwe chakudya chimachepa, mabanja awiri akulu oyandikana nawo amasowa chakudya.
Kuphatikiza apo, kumenyanirana kwapabanja nthawi zambiri kumachitika pakati pa akazi akulu ndi akazi omwe amalimba mtima kutenga pakati. Matriarch akuyang'anitsitsa izi. M'mikangano yotere, mtsogoleri wamkazi amatha kupha wolakwayo, ndipo ngati atakwanitsa kubereka, ndiye ana ake. Atsogoleri amatsata kuyesa kwa akazi ocheperapo kuti abereke. Komabe, njira zodzitetezera pakuchuluka kwa anthu ndizoti ena obadwa azimuna amapha okha ana awo kapena amawasiya m'mayenje akale pakusamukira.
Mkazi wina, akufuna kulanda mphamvu ndi kupulumutsa moyo wa ana ake, amathanso kulowerera ana a mtsogoleri. Mkazi wotere amatha kupha ana ena onse - mnzake komanso wamkulu. Ngati matriarch akulephera kupitiriza ukulu, amasinthidwa ndi wina, wachichepere, wamphamvu komanso wochulukirapo.
Ndi meerkats angati omwe amakhala
Kumtchire, kutalika kwa moyo wa meerkats sikumangodutsa zaka 6-8. Nthawi yayitali ndi zaka 4-5. Nyama zimakhala ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe, zomwe zimafotokozera kubala kwawo kwakukulu. Mu ukapolo - malo osungira nyama, osunga nyumba - meerkats amatha kukhala zaka 10-12. Kufa mu vivo ndikokwera kwambiri - 80% mwa ana ndi pafupifupi 30% mwa akulu. Chifukwa chagona pakupha ana pafupipafupi ndi ana agalu achikazi ena.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Habitat - kumwera kwa Africa: Namibia, South Africa, Botswana, Angola, Lesotho. Makamaka meerkats amapezeka ku Kalahari ndi Namib Desert. Amakhala m'malo otseguka kwambiri, m'chipululu, mulibe mitengo ndi tchire. Amakonda zigwa zotseguka, mapiri, madera okhala ndi nthaka yolimba. Dera ili ndi loyenererana bwino pokonza ndi kudyetsa chakudya.
Zakudya za Meerkat
M'malo okhala ndimiyala yopyapyala, palibe oimira zinyama zambiri, omwe angapindule nawo. Amadya kafadala osiyanasiyana, nyerere, mphutsi zawo, ma millipedes. Sakonda kusaka zinkhanira ndi akangaude. Kulimbana ndi poizoni wa chinkhanira komanso zotsekemera zonunkhira kwambiri kuchokera ku tizilombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Amathanso kudya nyama zazing'ono - abuluzi, njoka, mbalame zazing'ono. Nthawi zina zisa za mbalame zomwe zimamanga pansi komanso muudzu zimawonongeka.
Amakhulupirira molakwika kuti meerkats satetezedwa ndi njoka za njoka. Njoka yapoizoni ikaluma Mirkat, amwalira, koma sizimachitika kawirikawiri. Meerkats ndi nyama zothamangira kwambiri, ndipo zimawonetsa luso polimbana ndi njoka. Zimakhala zovuta kuluma meerkat chifukwa chothamanga kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri njoka zimataya ndipo zimadyedwa. Zipatso zokoma za masamba - masamba, zimayambira, ma rhizomes ndi mababu - amathanso kudyedwa.
Kubereka ndi ana
Myrcats yothina kwambiri imatha msinkhu kumapeto kwa chaka choyamba cha moyo. Mzimayi wamkulu wathanzi amatha kubweretsa malita anayi pachaka, iliyonse yomwe imatha kukhala ndi ana agalu asanu ndi awiri. Meerkats zimaswana pakati pa Seputembara mpaka Marichi.
Mimba ya mkazi imakhala pafupifupi masiku 77. Ana agalu amabadwa akhungu komanso osowa chochita. Kulemera kwa meerkat wakhanda pafupifupi 30 magalamu.
Pofika milungu iwiri, meerkats amatsegula maso awo ndikuyamba kuphunzira kukhala achikulire. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timayamba kuoneka pakudya patatha miyezi iwiri. Choyamba, anawo amadyetsedwa ndi amayi ndi mamembala ena a paketiyo, kenako amayamba kusaka paokha. Kuleredwa kwa m'badwo wachichepere kumagwera pamapewa a abale ndi alongo achikulire. Amayang'anira nyama zazing'ono, amakonza masewera komanso amateteza ku zoopsa za adani.
Ndizosangalatsa! Matriarch wamkazi yekha ndi amene angabweretse ana. Nthawi zina akazi ena amatenga pakati, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mkangano wapabanja.
Magalasi achikulire amaphunzitsa nyama zazing'ono, ndipo izi sizimangochitika mwamwayi. Ana agalu okulira amapita limodzi ndi achikulire kusaka... Choyamba, amadyetsedwa ndi nyama yomwe yaphedwa kale, kenako amachotsedwa, koma akadali amoyo. Chifukwa chake, achinyamata amaphunzira kugwira ndikugwira nyama, kuwazolowera chakudya chatsopano. Kenako achikulire amangoyang'ana achichepere akusaka, kuthandiza nthawi zina kuthana ndi nyama yayikulu kapena yolimba, yomwe wachinyamata sangakwanitse kupirira yekha. Pambuyo pokhazikitsa kuti anawo amatha kupirira okha, amaloledwa kusaka paokha.
Pa nthawi yophunzitsidwa, meerkats achikulire amayesa "kuwadziwitsa" achinyamata ndi nyama zonse zotheka - njoka, abuluzi, akangaude, ziphuphu. Ndizosatheka kuti meerkat wachikulire wodziyimira pawokha asadziwe momwe angalimbane ndi mdani uyu kapena wodyedwa. Meerkats akulu amatha kusiya banja ndikuyesera kupeza banja lawo. Poterepa, atachoka, amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wa vendetta kuchokera kubanja lawo - amadziwika kuti ndi alendo ndipo, akafuna kubwerera, adzathamangitsidwa mopanda chifundo m'derali.
Adani achilengedwe
Kukula pang'ono kwa meerkat kumawapangitsa kukhala chakudya chokoma cha nyama zolusa, mbalame ndi njoka zazikulu. Adani akulu anali mbalame zazikulu ndipo amakhalabe mbalame zazikulu - ziwombankhanga, zomwe zimatha kukoka ngakhale nyama yayikulu yayikulu. Nthawi zina akazi amateteza ana awo ku mbalame podzipereka okha.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kufa kwa nyama kumakhala kwakukulu chifukwa cha nkhondo zapachibale - makamaka, meerkats ndi adani awo enieni.
Ankhandwe amatha kumenyana ndi meerkats m'mawa ndi madzulo. Njoka zazikulu, monga king cobra, nthawi zina zimakwawira m'mabowo awo, zomwe zimadya mosangalala ana agalu akhungu ndi ana, komanso zikuluzikulu zomwe amatha.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Meerkats ndi mitundu yolimba yomwe singathe kutha pang'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikukula kwaulimi ku South Africa ndi Namibia, gawo lawo likuchepa chifukwa chakusokonekera kwa malo awo. Kulowereranso kwa anthu m'chilengedwe kumangowonjezera vutoli. Zinyama ndizosavuta kuweta ndikukhala nkhani yamalonda m'maiko aku Africa. Kuchotsa nyama kuthengo kumakhudzanso anthu, ngakhale pang'ono kuposa kuwononga malo awo.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Mafuta a mafuta
- Madagascar aye
- Paca (lat. Cuniculus paca)
- Nyani marmoset
Kwa anthu, meerkats alibe phindu lapadera lachuma - samadyedwa ndipo sagwiritsa ntchito ubweya. Nyama ndizopindulitsa chifukwa zimawononga zinkhanira zakupha, akangaude ndi njoka zomwe zitha kuvulaza anthu. Mitundu ina yaku Africa imakhulupirira kuti ma Mirkat amateteza malo awo ndi ziweto zawo ku maolivi, chifukwa chake amasamalira ana agalu.
