Partridge ndi mbalame yomwe ambiri amva. Kufanana kwakunja ndi nkhuku wamba komanso mizu yomweyi m'dzina, ndizizindikiro zonyenga. Mbalameyi ndi ya banja la pheasant, ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wosawoneka bwino, wonga wa nkhuku, pokhapokha pobisalira. Palinso zina za mbalame yodabwitsa iyi, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kufotokozera za Partridge
Partgesges ndi am'banja la pheasant, partridge ndi grouse subfamilies, kuphatikiza mitundu yopitilira 22, iliyonse yomwe ili ndi gawo limodzi mpaka 46. Komabe, ngakhale mitundu ndi mitundu, mbalame zonse zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi moyo wongokhala, mtundu wosawoneka bwino, kukula pang'ono komanso kupirira kosaneneka m'malo ovuta.
Maonekedwe
Maonekedwe amitundu yonse ndi ofanana: ndi kambalame kakang'ono... Kutalika kwawo kumafika masentimita 35, koma sikokwanira kwambiri. Kulemera kwake ndi theka la kilogalamu. Kupatula grouse yolemera mpaka magalamu a 1800. Nthenga zapamwamba nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofiirira. Pakhoza kukhala kachitidwe kakang'ono kobwereza komwe kali mdera lamapiko. Mitundu ina imatuluka pamapazi awo, pomwe ina ilibe. Ma dimorphism ogonana ndi ofooka, koma akazi ndi ochepera.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Mapuloteni amakhala ndi moyo wapadziko lapansi, amadyetsa makamaka chakudya chomera. Amakonda kupanga chisa pansi, monga ma pheasants ambiri. Amabisala m'nyumba zawo m'nkhalango zowirira masamba ndi zitsamba zambiri.
Kutchuka kwakukulu kwa nyama ya khola pakati pa nyama zolusa kunapangitsa mbalameyi kukhala yochenjera kwambiri. Akavalo amasuntha, akuyang'ana pozungulira, akumvetsera ndikuyang'ana mwatcheru: kodi pali zoopsa zilizonse. Monga ma pheasants ambiri, kuuluka sindicho cholimba kwambiri. Koma kuthamanga mozungulira ndibwino kwambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi banja limodzi posankha zibwenzi. Nthawi iliyonse ikakwerana amapeza anzawo kapena chisa. Kupatula kwake ndi madera a Madagascar
Kwa moyo wawo wonse, magawano amayesa kuti asakope chidwi chawo. Amasuntha mwakachetechete, modekha. Pofika nthawi yozizira, amakhala ndi malo osungira mafuta ambiri, omwe amawalola kuti azingochoka m'malo awo azadzidzidzi. Amakhala moyo wamasana. Kupeza chakudya kumatenga nthawi yayifupi, osapitilira maola atatu patsiku.
Ndi magawo angati omwe amakhala
Ali mu ukapolo, chifukwa cha kuwonongedwa kosalekeza ndi nyama zolusa ndi alenje, mapareti samakhala zaka zinayi.
Mitundu ya Partridge
Ma partridges ambiri ndi am'banja la pheasant, banja laling'ono la partridge (Perdicinae), kuphatikiza 22 genera. Koma mtundu wa ptarmigan ndi wa banja laling'ono la grouse yakuda (Tetraoninae), mtundu wa Lagopus, womwe umaphatikizapo mitundu: ptarmigan, zoyera zoyera ndi tundra.
Tiyeni tikambirane banja la Partridge Perdicinae ndikuwona oimira ake otchuka:
- Kekliki (Alectoris). Kupatula apo amatchedwa magawo amiyala. Awa ndi abale apafupi kwambiri am'mapululu. Pali mitundu isanu ndi iwiri: Asia, European, Partridge wa Przewalski, Red partridge, Partridge wakuda mutu, Arabia partridge, Barbary stone partridge. Kwa magawo amiyala yamiyala, thupi lolemera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina. Kulemera ukufika magalamu 800. Anthu okhala ku Caucasus kupita ku Altai. Kugawidwa ku Central Asia. Amakonda kukhala m'mipata ya m'mapiri, pafupi ndi ngalande zamadzi. Mtundu umasungidwa ndi imvi, phulusa. Mtundu wosiyana wa mphete ulipo m'dera lamaso. M'mbali mwa magawo awa pali mikwingwirima yakuda yopingasa. Mimba nthawi zambiri imakhala yofiira. Amadyetsa zipatso, mbewu ndi masamba, koma kuphatikiza zonse zomwe zimatha kukhala ndi mizu pansi. Amasangalalanso ndi chakudya chanyama: atsekwe, kafadala, mphutsi.
- Partridge yam'chipululu (AmmoperdixMitunduyi imakhala kuchokera kumapiri aku Armenia kupita ku India komanso kuchokera ku Persian Gulf mpaka ku Central Asia. Amakonda mapiri okhala ndi masamba ochepa komanso zitsamba zambiri zokhalamo. Mtundu wake ndi wamchenga wamchenga, wokhala ndi pini wofiyira pang'ono. Kumbali yake kuli mikwingwirima yowala kwambiri, yakuda bulauni. Amuna ali ndi mzere wakuda pamutu pawo, ngati bandeji. Amakonda kumanga zisa m'malo ovuta kufikako - pamapiri, pamapiri, pansi pamiyala. Mbalame zazikulu zimalemera magalamu 200-300. Awa ndi amuna okhaokha, koma wamwamuna amatenga nawo mbali pakulera ana, ngakhale kuti amakhala pafupi ndi chomenyera nthawi yonse yophatikizira. Akazi nthawi zambiri amaikira mazira 8 mpaka 12.
- Zinziri Zatsopano ku New Guinea (Anurophasis)
- Shrub partridge (Arborophila) kuphatikiza mitundu 18. Amagawidwa kumadera otentha ku South Asia. M'mapiri akumwera kwa China, omwe amapezekanso ku Tibet. Amatha kukhala mpaka 2700 mita pamwamba pa nyanja. Amakhala m'magulu am'banja la anthu khumi kapena awiriawiri. Kukhala ndi mkazi m'modzi. Pambuyo pa kukwatira, mazira 4-5 amaikidwa. Zomangamanga zimapangidwa pansi, pansi pa tchire kapena mumizu yamtengo. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, sizimanga zisa. Mtundu umalamulidwa ndi mitundu ya bulauni, pali timadontho tating'ono tating'ono. Amuna ali ndi malo otere, khalidweli ndilo kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kugonana.
- Zolemba za bamboo (Bambusicola) amakhala kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa India, komanso zigawo za Yunnan ndi Sichuan. Kugawidwa ku Thailand, Laos, Vietnam.
- Partridge yotsekedwa (Malangizo)
- Zinziri (Coturnix) Mitundu 8 yomwe ilipo komanso iwiri yomwe yatha.
- Turachi (Francolinus) Mitundu 46. Mtundu wambiri kwambiri.
- Spur partridge (Galloperdix). Mtunduwo umaphatikizapo mitundu itatu: mapangidwe a Sri Lankan, utoto wofiyira komanso wofiyira. Wotchuka kwambiri ndi Sri Lankan clawed partridge, yemwe amakhala moyo wachinsinsi kwambiri. Mwa mawonekedwe akunja: kumtunda kwa nthenga za akazi ndi bulauni. Amuna amtundu wosiyana kwambiri: pali zigamba za khungu lofiira popanda nthenga. Pamutu pake pali khungu lakuda ndi loyera. Mawanga oyera pamapiko. Pali mipira iwiri yayitali pamapazi.
- Partridge yofiira (Malowa). Woyimira chidwi, amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha za Indonesia ndi Malaysia.
- Chipale chofewa (Lerwa) nthumwi yokha yamtunduwu. Amakhala kuchokera ku Himalaya kupita ku Tibet. Amakhala m'malo otsetsereka chaka mpaka 5500 mita pamwamba pa nyanja. Mbali yapadera ndi ma spurs pamiyendo yamphongo. Mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yoyera pamutu ndi m'khosi. Mlomo ndi miyendo ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali ya korali.
- Partridge waku Madagascar (@Alirezatalischioriginal). Ndi mitundu yokhazikika, ndiye kuti imangokhala ku Madagascar. Amakonda zitsamba zamatchire ndi udzu wamtali, komanso minda yomwe yasiyidwa yomwe ili ndiudzu. Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri. Kutalika kumafika masentimita 30. Mitala. Zoyipa zakugonana zimawonetsedwa bwino. Amuna ndi owala, amakopa chidwi ndi utoto. Pambuyo pa kukwatira, akazi amaikira mazira ambiri - mpaka makumi awiri. Izi sizomwe zimachitikira magawo ena.
- Magawo akuda (@Alirezatalischioriginal) amapezeka m'malo a Malaysia, Borneo, Southeast Asia. Ikuphatikizidwa mu Red Data Book ngati nyama yomwe ili pangozi.
- Mapiri a Himalaya (Ophrysia) nthumwi yokha, yomwe ili pafupi kutha.
- Zinziri za m'nkhalango (Perdicula).
- Rock partridge (Ptilopachus). Woyimira yekhayo pamtunduwu. Amapezeka ku Africa kokha. Imakhala ndi ma paws ofiira opanda spurs ndi mchira womwe umawoneka ngati nkhuku.
- Partridge wamitengo yayitali (Rhizothera)
- Magawo (Zosintha) Mitundu 3: imvi kholingo, Chitibeta, ndevu.
- Zingwe zachifumu (Rollulus rouloul) ndi mitundu yokhayo yamtunduwu. Amakhala makamaka m'nkhalango zotentha. Wamkulu amakula mpaka masentimita 25 kutalika. Zimasiyana ndi oimira ma partridges amtundu wina wowala komanso wosazolowereka. Thupi la mbalameyi limakhala lakuda, lokhala ndi utoto wabuluu wamwamuna komanso lobiriwira mwa akazi.
Pamutu pake pali mawonekedwe ofiira ofiira ofiira, ofanana ndi burashi. Zakudya za mbalameyi sizimangokhala ndi zipatso ndi mbewu zokha. Mitunduyi sichidana kudya ndi tizilombo, mollusks. Njira yodzisankhira kwawo ndiyosangalatsa komanso yachilendo: samayamwitsa anapiye, koma amawabweretsa ali akulu "m'nyumba" yomangidwa yokhala ndi khomo ndi denga, kutseka khomo ndi nthambi - Zamakono (Tetraogallus) Oimira 5.
- Kundyki (Tetraophasis)
Chotsatira, lingalirani za banja laling'ono la grouse wakuda (Tetraoninae), mtundu wa White partridges, mitundu: mbewa zoyera, zoyera zoyera ndi tundra.
- Partridge yoyera (Lagopus lagopus) amakhala kumpoto kwa Eurasia ndi America. Komanso amakhala ku Greenland ndi British Isles. Chopangidwa ku Kamchatka ndi Sakhalin. Mtundu m'nyengo yozizira ndi yoyera ndi mchira wakuda, ndipo nthawi yotentha imakhala yolimba. Ili ndi mapazi otambalala, okhala ndi nthenga, omwe amalola kuti igonjetse momasuka zokutira chisanu. Monga momwe Alfred Brehm ananenera m'buku lake Animal Life, ptarmigan amatha kubowola chipale chofewa kuti apeze chakudya. M'nyengo yozizira, amadya masamba, zipatso zouma komanso zowuma. Zakudya za chilimwe zimakhala ndi masamba, maluwa, mphukira, tizilombo.
- Tundra partridge (Lagopus mutus) amakhala kumpoto chakumpoto. Kunja, ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi ptarmigan. Zimasiyana ndi kansalu kakuda kudutsa pa diso. Chizindikirochi chimakupatsani mwayi wosiyanitsa mitundu iwiri ya magawo. Mtundu wake ndi bulauni kwambiri. M'chilimwe, utoto umakhala wotuwa kwambiri. Amakhala moyo wokhazikika komanso wosamukasamuka. Amakonda kusunga gulu laling'ono. Zisa zimamangidwa pamalo amiyala, pamapiri otsetsereka, pomwe pali zitsamba zambiri. Chisa ndi dzenje lokutidwa ndi masamba ndi nthambi. Muzisa, mazira 6 mpaka 12 amatha kuwoneka.
- Partridge yoyera (Lagopus leucurus) Ndi mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri ya ptarmigan. Amakhala ku Central Alaska kupita kumadera akumadzulo kwa North America. Imasiyana ndi ptarmigan yoyera kwathunthu, osati mchira wakuda. Kulemera kwake pakati pa magalamu 800 mpaka 1300. Akazi ndi ocheperako kuposa amuna. Amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kapena awiriawiri.
Partridge yoyera yakhala chizindikiro cha dziko lonse la Alaska kuyambira 1995.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Kusinthasintha kosangalatsa kwa ma partridges kumawalola kukhala m'malo ambiri: kuchokera ku Arctic Circle kupita ku America subtropics.
Zakudya zamagulu
Magawo amasankha mbewu, tirigu, zipatso, masamba, masamba ndi mizu ngati chakudya.... Zakudya zonse zobzala zomwe zidzakhale m'malo awo. Amakonda kudya tizilombo nthawi zina. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalamezi zimadya zipatso zachisanu, mbewu zachisanu, komanso zotsalira za masamba ndi mbewu.
Kubereka ndi ana
Mbalamezi ndi zachonde kwambiri. Masika, amapeza awiri kapena mawonekedwe awo amodzi. Mosiyana ndi pheasants, partridge yamwamuna imateteza ana mosamalitsa ndikusamalira yaikazi. Pali mazira 9 mpaka 25 pachisa, omwe amasungidwa kwa masiku 20-24. Pambuyo pake, nthawi yomweyo, masana, anapiye amabadwa.
Kuyambira mphindi zoyambirira za moyo, ana amadziwonetsera mwachangu komanso osunthika, akutuluka mchipolopolo, ali okonzeka kutsatira makolo awo. Pambuyo pa sabata limodzi, anapiye amatha kunyamuka, ndipo pambuyo pa miyezi 1.5-2 amakhala ofanana ndi achikulire.
Adani achilengedwe
Ma Partges ali ndi adani ambiri. Pafupifupi nyama zonse zazing'onoting'ono komanso zazikulu zomwe zimakhala m'malo okhala. Awa ndi nkhandwe, amphaka ndi agalu osochera, nkhwangwa, nkhandwe, ermines, ferrets, weasel, martens ndi nyama zolusa zazikulu - nkhandwe, mimbulu, ma cougars. Ndipo zowonadi, mdani wamkulu ndi munthu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Udindo wa mitunduyi ndiwokhazikika chifukwa chakubala kwakukulu kwa mbalamezi.... Komabe, ma subspecies ena amawoneka kuti atha. Komabe, ambiri sali pangozi.
