Karakurt (Latrodectus tredecimguttatus) ndi mayi wamasiye wakuda otentha (Latrodectus mactans) omwe amakhala m'maiko omwe kale anali Soviet Union ali amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kangaude - Black Widow. Mwina ndichifukwa chake dzinalo limakhala lolimba kwa anthu owopsa.
Geography ya Akazi Amasiye
Kwa omwe akuyimira mtunduwo, kutchuka kwa ma arachnids owopsa kwambiri kudakonzedwa. Mawuwa ndiowona kwa ma arthropod omwe amakhala kuzilumba za Oceania, Australia ndi North America. Anthu achiaborigina amakonda kuponda njoka yamasiye kuposa mkazi wamasiye wakuda naye poizoni wamphamvu (kuposa njokayo kamodzi 15).
Karakurt amakhala kumapiri ndi zipululu za Afghanistan, North Africa, Iran ndi kumwera kwa Europe, kuphatikiza madera ena a Mediterranean.
Akazi amasiye akuda amadziwika bwino kwa anthu okhala m'maiko oyandikana nawo:
- Central Asia.
- Kazakhstan.
- Zigawo Kumwera kwa Ukraine.
- Caucasus.
A Karakurt adafika kumwera kwa Urals, ataluma anthu kumadera oyandikana ndi Kazakhstan: ku Orsk (dera la Orenburg), Kurtamysh (dera la Kurgan).
Akangaude amabalalika kudera lonse la Southern Federal, kuphatikiza madera a Crimea, Astrakhan, Volgograd ndi Rostov, Krasnodar Territory.
Zojambulajambula zidawoneka mdera la Moscow, madera a Saratov ndi Novosibirsk, komanso ku Altai Territory.
Maonekedwe ndi kubereka
Wamphongo ndi wocheperapo, kapena kuposera katatu kuposa wamkazi. Amayi ena amakula mpaka 20 mm, pomwe amuna samatha kufika 7 mm. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti chachikazi, pambuyo pogonana bwino, chimadya champhongo popanda kunong'oneza bondo, ngati zinyalala.
Mtundu wonse wa thupi lozungulira (kuphatikiza ma 4 awiriawiri a tentacles) ndi wakuda wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Nthawi zambiri pamtundu wakuda, mawanga ofiira amitundu yosiyanasiyana amawoneka, m'malire ndi mikwingwirima yoyera yoyera.
Munthu wosawona amatha kusokoneza kangaude ndi miyendo yake yolumikizidwa ndi currant yakuda.
Karakurt afika pokhwima pogonana mu Juni, kuyamba kufunafuna malo obisika kuti akole misampha yakanthawi yokwatirana.
Atagonana, akaziwo amapitanso kukasaka, koma tsopano - pogona pa ana. Kangaude mazira amayenera kupulumuka nthawi yozizira m'matumba, atapachikidwa (zidutswa 2-4) muchisa. Akangaude achichepere adzawonekera mu Epulo kuti adzawuluke pa intaneti kukhala achikulire.
Makhalidwe a karakurt
Kangaudeyu amakhala ndi nyumba pakati pamiyala, nthambi zowuma, munthaka, nthawi zambiri m'mitsuko ya anthu ena, kumangiriza khomo ndi maukonde oluka ulusi wolukanikana.
Amakonda kukhazikika m'malo omwe sanakhudzidwepo, kuphatikiza ma virgin, malo otsetsereka, malo opanda madzi, magombe ammbali. Kukwapula, kulima madera komanso kudyetsa ng'ombe kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa karakurt.
Akangaude achikulire nawonso amafa ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timadetsa mungu m'minda. Zowona, mankhwala obwezeretsa mankhwala samachita pa zikopa: amatha kuwotchedwa ndi moto.
Pofika nthawi yophukira, akazi amasiye akuda omwe amakonda moyo wamadzulo amayandikira kufunda - muzipinda zapansi, m'misasa, m'malo osungira, zimbudzi za mumsewu, nyumba ndi nyumba.
Pofuna chisangalalo, kangaudeyu amakwera nsapato, nsalu, zofunda, ndi ziwiya zakhitchini. Ndipo izi ndiwopseza mwachindunji moyo wamunthu.
Zochita za kangaude
Kutalika kwake kudalembedwa kuyambira Julayi mpaka Seputembala. Pakusamuka kwazimayi (Juni / Julayi), kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi nyama zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi "kukupsopsona" kwawo kumakulirakulira.
Kuphulika kwa kuberekana kwa karakurt kumalembedwa zaka 25 kapena 10 zilizonse, pomwe ngozi yayikulu imabisika mwa akazi achikulire.
Karakurt wathu, zachidziwikire, sangayerekezeredwe ndi mkazi wamasiye weniweni wakuda wakupha ndi poizoni, koma kuluma kwake nthawi zina kumamwalira.
Chifukwa chake, mu Okutobala 1997, karakurt adaluma anthu 87 mdera la Kherson: onsewa adalandira chithandizo kuchipatala, koma m'modzi samapulumutsidwa.
Kenako akatswiri a zooology adati kuwukirako kwakukulu kudayambitsidwa ndi mvula yomwe idathamangitsa akangaude m'misasa.
Ali panjira, zidachitika kuti mzaka pambuyo pa nkhondo, karakurt adadzimva ngati mbuye wa Don steppes ndipo adasowa kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa chakukula kwawo mwachangu.
Kubwezeretsanso anthu amasiye akuda kudayamba ndikugwa kwa USSR: zimaswana kwambiri paminda ndi minda.
Chachiwiri chinthu chabwino - kusintha kwanyengo padziko lonse lapansi, komwe malo ouma amasunthira kumpoto. Izi zimasewera m'manja mwa akangaude omwe amapewa mvula yambiri, yomwe imapha maenje awo.
Kuchokera kwa karakurt
Zimakhala tizilombo ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono, omwe wakupha amakhala mosadandaula.
Kangaude amapundula wodwalayo, kulola kuti poizoni, yemwe amakhala ngati chimbudzi, kufalikira m'matumba ake. Tiziromboti tikakhala tofewa mokwanira, wamasiye wakuda adzaponya ma proboscis ndikuyamba kuyamwa zomwe zili mkatimo.
Pakudya, kangaude amatha kusokonezedwa ndi zochitika zina, kuchoka pa "tebulo" ndikubwereranso, kutembenuza wovulalayo, kumuyamwa kuchokera mbali zosiyanasiyana.
Mng'oma wokutidwa ndi ziphuphu amatanthauza zoopsa. Kangaude sangaukire popanda chifukwa, zomwe zitha kukhala kulowerera kwake mosasamala.
Zochita za poyizoni
Dontho lofiira losaoneka bwino lomwe limaluma lingayambitse unyinji mthupi lonse: pakadutsa kotala la ola, ululu woyaka umaphimba thupi lonse (makamaka pachifuwa, pamimba ndi kumbuyo).
Zizindikiro zowonekera zidzawoneka:
- tachycardia ndi kupuma movutikira;
- kufiira kapena mawonekedwe amaso;
- chizungulire ndi kunjenjemera;
- mutu, kusanza ndi thukuta;
- kulemera pachifuwa kapena m'dera la epigastric;
- bronchospasm ndi priapism;
- chopinga wa chimbudzi ndi kukodza.
Pambuyo pake, kuledzera kumasandulika kukhumudwa, kudzaza chidziwitso ndi kusokonezeka.
Mankhwala
Mankhwala othandiza kwambiri amawerengedwa kuti ndi anti-caracourt seramu yopangidwa ndi Tashkent Bacteriological Institute.
Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zidapezeka poyambitsa (intravenous) ya calcium chloride, novocaine ndi magnesium hydrogen sulphate.
Ngati wolumidwayo sali kutali ndi thandizo loyamba, ndibwino kuti awotche malo omwe akhudzidwa ndi mutu woyatsa mkati mwa mphindi ziwiri zoyambirira. Amakhulupirira kuti poyizoni yemwe analibe nthawi yolowera mozama amawonongedwa chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri.
Kangaude karakurt zoopsa kwambiri kwa ana aang'ono. Ngati thandizo lachedwa, mwanayo sangapulumutsidwe.
Kuchokera pa "kulumikizana" kwapafupi ndi mkazi wamasiye wakuda, nyama zimamwalira, pomwe ngamila ndi akavalo amadziwika kuti ndi otetezeka kwambiri.
Kuswana karakurt
Ndi anthu okha odzidalira komanso opanda mantha omwe amatha kusunga nyumbazi kunyumba. Ngati mungathe kusiyanitsa pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi, pangani kangaude kuti ayang'anire kuswana.
Inde, ndipo musaiwale kuteteza yamphongo: kangaude nthawi zonse imasokoneza moyo wake.
Pogona pompopompo muyenera:
- terrarium kapena aquarium;
- mchenga wothira miyala;
- moss, nthambi ndi masamba owuma.
Muyenera kugwira ntchentche ndi mphemvu kuti muponye ziweto zanu pa intaneti mukakhala kuti mulibe mphamvu. M'nyengo yozizira, palibe chifukwa chodyetsera akangaude - amagona, koma amafunika kutenthedwa pang'ono (ndi nyali yamagetsi kapena mpweya wofunda).
M'chaka, terrarium idzafunika kuyeretsa. Tumizani karakurt mumtsuko ndikuzitaya zinyalala zisa zawo.
Kangaude wamasiye wakuda ngati bizinesi
Pa Intaneti pali mphekesera za bizinesi yotsika mtengo komanso yopindulitsa kwambiri - kuswana karakurt kuti mupeze poizoni.
Iwo amene akufuna amafotokozedwa "zala" momwe akuyamwitsa nyamakazi ya poizoni ikuwoneka, kutsimikizira kuti iyi ndi njira yosavuta komanso yotetezeka yomwe ungadziwe bwino.
M'malo mwake, anthu ophunzitsidwa mwapadera amachita nawo m'zigawo za poizoni, m'mafakitale ndi zida zodula.
Kuti achite izi, amagula mpweya wapadera (kuti ateteze karakurt kuti agone) ndikuyika "tebulo logwiritsira ntchito" lokhala ndi maelekitirodi ofunikira kuti atulutse kwa chelicerae kuti poyizoni apite.
Gawo lotsika mtengo kwambiri la chiwembucho (masauzande masauzande madola) - gawo loyanika poyizoni, lomwe liyenera kukhala makhiristo.
Karakurt 500 kuchokera mkaka umodzi wokolola 1 g wa poizoni wouma, womwe umawononga mpaka ma 1200 euros pamsika wakuda.
Mosakayikira bizinesi yopindulitsa, koma siyodziphunzitsa nokha, osakwatira komanso ochita masewera.
