Wamphamvu, wamphamvu, wowoneka bwino komanso wopanda mantha - tikulankhula za mkango - mfumu ya nyama. Kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ngati ankhondo, mphamvu, kutha kuthamanga mwachangu komanso zochita nthawi zonse, zoganizira, nyama izi sizidzawopa aliyense. Nyama zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi mikango iwonso zimawopa maso awo owopsa, thupi lamphamvu ndi nsagwada zamphamvu. Nzosadabwitsa kuti mkango unkatchedwa mfumu ya nyama.
Mkango wakhala mfumu ya nyama, ngakhale m'nthawi zakale nyamayi inkapembedzedwa. Kwa Aigupto akale, mkango umagwira ngati mlonda, woteteza khomo lolowera kudziko lina. Kwa Aigupto akale, mulungu wobereka Aker amawonetsedwa ndi mane a mkango. M'masiku amakono, malaya ambiri akumayiko akuwonetsa mfumu ya nyama. Zovala za Armenia, Belgium, Great Britain, Gambia, Senegal, Finland, Georgia, India, Canada, Congo, Luxembourg, Malawi, Morocco, Swaziland ndi ena ambiri zimawonetsa mfumu yankhondo. Mkango waku Africa, malinga ndi Msonkhano Wapadziko Lonse, udaphatikizidwa mu Red Book ngati nyama yomwe ili pangozi.
Ndizosangalatsa!
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mikango yaku Africa idatha kupukusa anthu akale m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu BC.
Kufotokozera kwa mkango waku Africa
Tonsefe timadziwa kuyambira ubwana momwe mkango umawonekera, popeza mwana wamng'ono amatha kuzindikira mfumu ya zilombo ndi mane kamodzi. Chifukwa chake, tidaganiza zofotokozera mwachidule chilombo champhamvuchi. Mkango ndi nyama yamphamvu, komabe, yopitilira mamita awiri. Mwachitsanzo, nyalugwe wa Ussuri ndiwotalika kwambiri kuposa mkango, mpaka kutalika mamita 3.8. Kulemera kwamunthu wamwamuna ndi makilogalamu zana ndi makumi asanu ndi atatu, osachepera mazana awiri.
Ndizosangalatsa!
Mikango yomwe imakhala kumalo osungira nyama kapena kumalo achilengedwe osankhidwa mwapadera nthawi zonse imalemera kuposa anzawo okhala kuthengo. Amasuntha pang'ono, amadya kwambiri, ndipo mane awo nthawi zonse amakhala okhwima komanso okulirapo kuposa mikango yamtchire. M'madera achilengedwe, mikango imasamalidwa, pomwe amphaka amtchire mwachilengedwe amawoneka osasamala, ndi ma manes osweka.
Mutu ndi thupi la mikango ndilolimba komanso lamphamvu. Mtundu wa khungu ndiwosiyana, kutengera ma subspecies. Komabe, mtundu waukulu wa mfumu ya nyama ndi zonona, ocher, kapena mchenga wachikasu. Mikango yaku Asia ndi yoyera komanso imvi.
Mikango yachikulire imakhala ndi tsitsi lolimba lomwe limaphimba mitu yawo, mapewa mpaka pansi pamimba. Akuluakulu amakhala ndi mane wakuda, wakuda kapena wakuda wakuda. Koma imodzi mwa tinthu tating'ono ta mkango waku Africa, Wamasai, ilibe mane wobiriwira chonchi. Tsitsi siligwera pamapewa, ndipo pamphumi siliri.
Mikango yonse ili ndi makutu ozungulira ndi kachitsotso kachikasu pakati. Mtundu wamafutawo umakhalabe pakhungu la mikango yaying'ono mpaka mikango yaikazi ikabereka ana ndipo amuna atha msinkhu. Mikango yonse ili ndi ngayaye kumapeto kwa mchira wawo. Apa ndipomwe gawo lawo la msana limathera.
Chikhalidwe
Kalekale, mikango inkakhala m'malo osiyana kotheratu ndi masiku ano. Magulu ena a mkango waku Africa, Asia, amakhala makamaka kumwera kwa Europe, India, kapena amakhala m'maiko aku Middle East. Mkango wakale unkakhala ku Africa konse, koma sunakhazikike ku Sahara. Subpecies yaku America ya mkango chifukwa chake amatchedwa Amereka, popeza amakhala kumayiko aku North America. Mikango yaku Asia pang'onopang'ono idayamba kufa kapena kuwonongedwa ndi anthu, ndichifukwa chake adaphatikizidwa mu Red Book. Ndipo mikango yaku Africa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono imakhalabe m'malo otentha okha ku Africa.
Masiku ano, mkango waku Africa ndi subspecies zake zimapezeka m'makontinenti awiri okha - Asia ndi Africa. Mafumu aku Asia azinyama amakhala mwakachetechete ku Indian Gujarat, komwe kuli nyengo yowuma, yamchenga, nkhalango ndi nkhalango zamtchire. Malinga ndi zomwe zaposachedwa, mikango mazana asanu ndi awiri mphambu makumi awiri mphambu atatu aku Asiya adalembetsa mpaka pano.
Padzakhala mikango yeniyeni yaku Africa kumayiko akumadzulo kwa Africa. Mdziko lokhala ndi nyengo yabwino kwambiri ya mikango, Burkina Faso, kuli mikango yoposa chikwi. Kuphatikiza apo, ambiri aiwo amakhala ku Congo, alipo opitilira mazana asanu ndi atatu.
Zinyama zakutchire zilibenso mikango yambiri monga momwe zinaliri mzaka makumi asanu ndi awiri zapitazo. Lero awo anatsala zikwi makumi atatu okha, ndipo izi ndi malinga ndi zosadziwika. Mikango yaku Africa yasankha malo opulumuka am'dziko lawo lokondeka, koma ngakhale kumeneko sangatetezedwe kwa alenje omwe akuyenda paliponse kufunafuna ndalama zosavuta.
Kusaka ndi kudyetsa mkango waku Africa
Leos sakonda kukhala chete ndi moyo mwakachetechete. Amakonda malo otseguka a savanna, madzi ambiri, ndipo amakhala makamaka komwe kumakhala chakudya chomwe amakonda - artiodactyl mammals. Nzosadabwitsa kuti amayenera kukhala ndi dzina la "mfumu ya savanna", pomwe nyama iyi imamva bwino komanso yaulere, chifukwa imamvetsetsa kuti ndiye mbuye. Inde. Mikango yamphongo imachita izi, imangolamulira, imapuma nthawi yayitali mumthunzi wa tchire, pomwe akazi amadzipezera chakudya, iye ndi ana a mikango.
Mikango, monga amuna athu, ikuyembekezera mfumukazi-yamkadzi kuti imugwirire chakudya ndikumuphika yekha, imubweretse ndi mbale ya siliva. Mfumu ya nyama ndiyomwe iyenera kukhala yoyamba kulawa nyama yomwe yabweretsedwayo ndi yaikazi, ndipo mkango waukazi womwewo modekha moleza mtima umadikirira wamphongo wake kuti adzikongoletse ndikusiya zotsalira kuchokera "patebulo la mfumu" kwa iye ndi ana a mkango. Amuna samakonda kusaka, pokhapokha ngati alibe wamkazi ndipo ali ndi njala kwambiri. Ngakhale izi, mikango sidzakhumudwitsa ana awo a mikango ndi ana awo ngati mikango ya anthu ena iwalowera.
Chakudya chachikulu cha mkango ndi nyama za artiodactyl - llamas, nyumbu, mbidzi. Mikango ikakhala ndi njala kwambiri, ndiye kuti sinyoza ngakhale zipembere ndi mvuu, ngati ingazigonjetse m'madzi. Komanso, sakhala wokonda masewera ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono, mbewa komanso njoka zopanda poizoni. Kuti mkango upulumuke, mkangowo umafunika kudya patsikulo kupitilira ma kilogalamu asanu ndi awiri nyama iliyonse. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mikango 4 ingagwirizane, kusaka kopambana konseko kumabweretsa zotsatira zake. Vuto ndiloti pakati pa mikango yathanzi pali odwala omwe sangathe kusaka. Kenako amatha kuwukira ngakhale munthu, popeza, monga mukudziwa, kwa iwo "njala si azakhali!"
Kuswana mikango
Mosiyana ndi zinyama zambiri, mikango imakonda kudya, ndipo imakwerana nthawi iliyonse pachaka, ndichifukwa chake mumatha kuwona chithunzi pomwe mkango wachikazi wakale umakhala padzuwa ndi ana amisinkhu ya mibadwo yosiyana. Ngakhale kuti akazi alibe chilichonse chodandaula, amatha kubereka ana ndipo amatha kuyenda limodzi ndi akazi ena, amuna, m'malo mwake, amatha kumenyera akazi molimbika, mpaka kufa kwawo. Wamphamvu kwambiri amapulumuka, ndipo mkango wamphamvu kwambiri ndi womwe uli ndi ufulu wokhala ndi wamkazi.
Mkazi amabereka anawo masiku 100-110, ndipo makamaka ana atatu kapena asanu amabadwa. Ana a mikango amakhala m'ming'alu yayikulu kapena m'mapanga, omwe amakhala m'malo ovuta kuti munthu afikire. Ana a mikango amabadwa makanda masentimita makumi atatu. Amakhala ndi utoto wokongola, wowoneka bwino womwe umakhalapobe mpaka msinkhu, womwe umapezeka mchaka chachisanu ndi chimodzi cha moyo wa nyama.
Kumtchire, mikango siyikhala zaka zambiri, pafupifupi zaka 16, pomwe kumalo osungira nyama, mikango akhoza kukhala zaka makumi atatu.
Zosiyanasiyana mkango African
Masiku ano, pali mitundu isanu ndi itatu ya mkango waku Africa, yomwe imasiyana mitundu, utoto wa mane, kutalika, kulemera ndi zina zambiri. Pali mitundu yayikulu ya mikango, yomwe imafanana kwambiri, kupatula kuti pali zina, imadziwika ndi asayansi okha omwe akhala akuphunzira za moyo ndi chitukuko cha mikango yamphongo kwa zaka zambiri.
Gulu la mikango
- Cape mkango. Mkango uwu sunapezeke kwakale kwachilengedwe. Anaphedwa mu 1860. Mkango unasiyana ndi anzawo chifukwa unali ndi mane wakuda komanso wonenepa kwambiri, ndipo ngayaye zakuda zimawonekera m'makutu mwake. Mikango yaku Cape idakhala m'chigawo cha South Africa, ambiri mwa iwo adasankha Cape Good Hope.
- Mkango wa Atlas... Ankaonedwa kuti ndi mkango waukulu kwambiri komanso wamphamvu kwambiri wokhala ndi thupi lalikulu komanso khungu lakuda kwambiri. Ankakhala ku Africa, amakhala m'mapiri a Atlas. Mafumu achi Roma ankakonda kusunga mikango ngati alonda. Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti mkango womaliza wa Atlas udawomberedwa ndi alenje ku Morocco koyambirira kwa zaka za 20th. Amakhulupirira kuti mbadwa za subspecies za mkango zikukhala lero, koma asayansi amatsutsanabe za kutsimikizika kwawo.
- Mkango waku India (waku Asia). Ali ndi thupi lokhalitsa, tsitsi lawo silinafalikire, ndipo mane awo ndi oterera. Mikango yotere imalemera makilogalamu mazana awiri, akazi ndi ocheperako - makumi asanu ndi anayi okha. M'mbiri yonse ya mkango waku Asia, mkango umodzi waku India udalowetsedwa mu Guinness Book of Records, kutalika kwake kunali 2 mita 92 masentimita. Mikango yaku Asia imakhala ku Indian Gujaraet, komwe kuli malo osungirako apadera omwe asungidwa kuti awapatse.
- Mkango wa Katanga wochokera ku Angola. Amutcha choncho chifukwa amakhala m'chigawo cha Katanga. Ali ndi utoto wowala kuposa ma subspecies ena. Mkango wachikulire wa Katanga ndi wautali mita zitatu, ndipo mkango waukazi ndi awiri ndi theka. Izi zazing'ono za mkango waku Africa zakhala zikuyitanidwa kuti zitheke, popeza pali zochepa zochepa zomwe zatsala kuti zikakhale padziko lapansi.
- Mkango waku West Africa waku Senegal. Zidakhalanso nthawi yayitali kutha. Amuna ali ndi mane owala, ochepa. Amuna ena sangakhale ndi mane. Constitution nyama zolusa si lalikulu, mawonekedwe a kuipanikiza ndi osiyana pang'ono, zochepa mphamvu kuposa mkango wamba. Amakhala kumwera kwa Senegal, ku Guinea, makamaka pakati pa Africa.
- Mkango wa Masai. Nyama izi zimasiyana ndi zina chifukwa zimakhala ndi miyendo yayitali, ndipo mane samasweka, monga mkango waku Asiya, koma "adasanjidwa bwino". Mikango ya Masai ndi yayikulu kwambiri, yamphongo imatha kutalika kwa mita ziwiri ndi masentimita makumi asanu ndi anayi. Kutalika kwa kufota kwa amuna ndi akazi ndi masentimita 100. Kulemera kumafika makilogalamu 150 ndi pamwambapa. Malo okhala mkango wa Masai ndi maiko akumwera aku Africa, amakhalanso ku Kenya, m'malo osungidwa.
- Mkango waku Congo. Ofanana kwambiri ndi anzawo aku Africa. Amangokhala makamaka ku Congo. Monga mkango wa ku Asiya, ndi nyama yomwe ili pangozi.
- Mkango wa Transvaal. M'mbuyomu, amadziwika kuti ndi mkango wa Kalakhara, popeza malinga ndi chidziwitso chonse chakunja amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yayikulu kwambiri ndipo anali ndi maneza wautali komanso wamdima kwambiri. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, m'ma subspecies ena a Transvaal kapena South African mkango, kusintha kwakukulu kunachitika kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa chakuti thupi la mikango la subspecies linalibe ma melanocytes, omwe amatulutsa mtundu wapadera - melanin. Ali ndi malaya oyera ndi khungu la pinki. Kutalika, akuluakulu amafika mamita 3.0, ndi mikango yaikazi - 2.5. Amakhala m'chipululu cha Kalahari. Mikango yambiri yamtunduwu yakhazikika m'nkhalango ya Kruger.
- Mikango yoyera - Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti mikango iyi si subspecies, koma matenda amtundu. Nyama zomwe zili ndi khansa ya m'magazi zimakhala ndi malaya oyera, oyera. Pali nyama zochepa ngati izi, ndipo zimakhala ku ukapolo, kum'mawa kwa South Africa.
Tikufunanso kutchula "Mikango ya Barbary" (Atlas mkango), yosungidwa mu ukapolo, omwe makolo awo adakhala kuthengo, ndipo sanali akulu komanso amphamvu ngati "Aberberia" amakono. Komabe, munjira zina zonse, nyamazi ndizofanana kwambiri ndi zamakono, zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi achibale awo.
Ndizosangalatsa!
Palibe mikango yakuda konse. Kutchire, mikango yotere sinapulumuke. Mwina penapake adawona mkango wakuda (anthu omwe amayenda mumtsinje wa Okavango alemba za izi). Akuwoneka kuti adawona mikango yakuda pamenepo ndi maso awo. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti mikango yotere ndi chifukwa chodutsa mikango yamitundumitundu kapena pakati pa abale. Mwambiri, palibe umboni uliwonse wakukhalapo kwa mkango wakuda.
