Nyimbo yamdima petrel (Pterodroma phaeopygia) kapena mvula yamkuntho ya Galapagos.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa nyimbo ya mdima wakuda.
Nyimbo yamdima petrel ndi mbalame yaying'ono yayitali yokhala ndi mapiko atali. Wingspan: 91. Thupi lakumtunda ndilotuwa lakuda, pamphumi pake ndipo mbali yakumunsi ndi yoyera. Ma underwings awunikidwa ndi malire akuda. Miyendo pinki yokhala ndi zotupa zakuda. Ndalama yakuda ndi yayifupi komanso yopindika pang'ono, monga mitundu yonse ya petrel. Mphuno zazing'ono zomwe zimalumikizana pamwamba. Mchira ndi woboola pakati komanso woyera.
Malo okhala nyimbo ya mdima.
Nyimbo zanyimbo zamdima zisa m'mapiri achinyontho pamtunda wa 300-900 metres, m'mabowo kapena zachilengedwe, m'malo otsetsereka, m'mitsinje, m'matope a chiphalaphala, ndi zigwa, nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi zitsamba za chomera cha myconium.
Imvani liwu la nyimbo yamdima petrel.
Liwu la Pterodroma phaeopygia.
Kubereka kwa nyimbo ya mdima yamdima.
Asanabereke, ma petrels achikazi amdima amakonzekera makulitsidwe ataliatali. Amachoka kuderali ndikudya kwa milungu ingapo asanabwerere ku malo awo obisalako. Ku San Cristobal, zisa zimapezeka makamaka m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, m'malo ophatikizika azomera za subfamily melastoma yamtundu wa Myconia. Nthawi yodzala, yomwe imakhala kuyambira kumapeto kwa Epulo mpaka pakati pa Meyi, zazikazi zimaikira mazira awiri kapena anayi. Ziwerengero zimakwera mu Ogasiti. Mbalamezi zimapanga awiriawiri komanso zisa malo amodzi chaka chilichonse. Pakakudya, yaimuna imalowa m'malo mwa yaikazi kuti izitha kudyetsa. Mbalame zimasinthana kusasira mazira mpaka anapiye atuluka patatha masiku 54 mpaka 58. Amakutidwa ndi imvi wonyezimira kumbuyo ndi yoyera pachifuwa ndi pamimba. Amuna ndi akazi amadyetsa ana, amadyetsa chakudya, ndikuchiyambiranso kuchokera ku goiter yawo.
Kudyetsa nyimbo yamdima petrel.
Akuluakulu a nyimbo zamdima amadyetsa m'nyanja kunja kwa nyengo yoswana. Masana, amasaka nyamayi, nkhanu, nsomba. Amagwira nsomba zouluka zomwe zimawoneka pamwamba pamadzi, mitsuko ya tuna ndi mullet wofiira.
Kufalitsa nyimbo ya mdima.
Nyimbo yoyera yamtunduwu imapezeka kuzilumba za Galapagos. Mitunduyi imagawidwa kum'mawa ndi kumpoto kwa zilumba za Galapagos, kumadzulo kwa Central America ndi kumpoto kwa South America.
Malo osungira nyimbo yamdima.
Nyimbo yakuda petrel ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Mitunduyi imalembedwa pa IUCN Red List. Zomwe zapezeka mu Convention on Mitundu Yosamukira (Bonn Convention, Annex I). Mitunduyi imalembedwanso mu US Red Book. Kuchuluka kwa amphaka, agalu, nkhumba, makoswe ofiira akuda, omwe adayambitsidwa kuzilumba za Galapagos, kuchuluka kwa nyimbo zamdima zakuda kudachepa mwachangu, ndikuchepa kwa anthu ndi 80%. Zowopsa zazikulu zimakhudzana ndi makoswe omwe amadya mazira, ndi amphaka, agalu, nkhumba, kuwononga mbalame zazikulu. Kuphatikiza apo, ma Buzzard aku Galapagos adazunza akulu kwambiri.
Zopseza nyimbo yamdima petrel.
Nyimbo zamdima zoyimba zimavutika ndi zotsatira za olanda nyama komanso kukulitsa kwaulimi m'malo awo obisalira, zomwe zimapangitsa kutsika kwakukulu m'zaka 60 zapitazi (mibadwo itatu) yomwe ikupitilira mpaka pano.
Kudya makoswe ndi komwe kumayambitsa kusokoneza (72%) m'dera la San Cristobal. Ziphuphu za Galapagos ndi akadzidzi ofupikitsa akudya mbalame zazikulu. Zisa zimawonongedwa ndi mbuzi, abulu, ng'ombe ndi akavalo mukamadyetsa ziweto, ndipo izi ndizowopseza kukhalapo kwa mitunduyo. Kudula mitengo mwacholinga chaulimi komanso kudyetsa ziweto kwachepetsa kwambiri malo okhala zimbalangondo zamdima pachilumba cha Santa Cruz, Floreana, San Cristobal.
Zomera zowononga (mabulosi akuda) zomwe zimamera mderalo zimalepheretsa ma petrels kuti azisaikira m'malo amenewa.
Kufa kwambiri kumawonedwa pakati pa mbalame zazikulu zikamakumana ndi mipanda yaminga pa nthaka yaulimi, komanso pamizere yamagetsi, nsanja zapawailesi. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito yamagetsi ya Santa Cruz kumatha kuopseza madera ambiri pachilumbachi, koma dongosolo lachitukuko lomwe lakhazikitsidwa ndilofuna kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa mitunduyi. Kumangidwanso kwa nyumba ndi zina m'malo okwera kumapiri pazilumbazi kumawopseza malo okhala ndi zisa. Kusodza ku Eastern Pacific ndiwopseza ndipo kumakhudza kudyetsa mbalame ku Galapagos Marine Sanctuary. Nyimbo za nyimbo za Dusky zimatha kukhala pachiwopsezo pakusintha kwanyengo komwe kumakhudza kupezeka kwa chakudya ndi kuchuluka.
Kuyang'anira nyimbo yamdima petrel.
Zilumba za Galapagos ndizofunika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso malo a World Heritage Site, chifukwa chake njira zosungira zakhazikika mdera lino kuteteza mbalame ndi nyama zosowa.
Zochita zoletsa kuswana kwa makoswe omwe amapha mazira a mbalame ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Malinga ndi kuyerekezera koyambirira, kuchuluka kwa ma petrel padziko lonse lapansi kuli pakati pa anthu 10,000-19,999, okhala ndi zisa pafupifupi 4,500-5,000. Pofuna kuteteza mitundu yosawerengeka imeneyi, nkhondo yolimbana ndi nyama zolusa imachitika m'malo angapo pazilumbazi. Pakadali pano, mbuzi zidathetsedwa ku Santiago, yomwe idadya udzu. Kuzilumba za Galapagos, malamulo oyenera kuteteza ndi kuteteza zachilengedwe ndi zinyama zapaderazi amatsatiridwa mosamala. Tikukonzekeranso kuteteza madera ofunikira zamoyo zam'madzi ku Galapagos Marine Sanctuary posintha magawo omwe apezeka m'madzi kuti muchepetse zovuta za asodzi. Dongosolo loyang'anira nthawi yayitali ndichimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira pantchito zachitetezo ndi zochitika zomwe zikuchitika.
Njira yosungira nyimbo ya mdima.
Kuti tisunge nyimbo za mdima, ndikofunikira kuwunika momwe nyama zolusa zimaswana kuti zidziwe njira zomwe zingathetsere zosafunikira. Kuphatikiza pakuchepetsa makoswe pazilumba za San Cristobal, Santa Cruz, Floreana, zilumba za Santiago, ndikofunikira kuchotsa zomera zowononga monga mabulosi akuda ndi gwafa, ndikubzala myconia. Pitilizani kufunafuna malo okhala petrel m'malo omwe mulibe chitetezo.
Kuwerengera kwathunthu mitundu yosawerengeka. Onetsetsani kuti malo opangira magetsi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya mphepo amapezeka kuti asasokoneze zisa kapena malo a myconia. Ndipo ikani zingwe zamagetsi kutali ndi malo okhala zisa pofuna kupewa kuwombana kwa mlengalenga, monga mbalame zimabwerera kumadera awo zikadyetsa usiku. Chitani ntchito yofotokozera pakati pa anthu akumaloko zakufunika kosunga malowa.
