Kukhwima bakha wokhala ndi nkhope yoyera (Dendrocygna viduata) - ndi wa banja la bakha, dongosolo la Anseriformes.
Kufalikira kwa bakha wamakhweru woyera.
Bakha wowuma mzungu akuda amapezeka ku sub-Saharan Africa ndi dera lalikulu la South America. Malowa akuphatikizapo Angola, Antigua ndi Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Barbados, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil. Komanso Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Colombia; Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire. Mitunduyi imakhala ku Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, French Guiana, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana. Amapezeka ku Guadeloupe, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Kenya. Kubweretsa ku Liberia, Lesotho, Mauritius, Madagascar, Mali, Malawi, Martinique, Mauritania.
Bakha amakhalanso ku Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Paraguay, Peru, Rwanda. Komanso ku Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent ndi Grenadines. Komanso ku Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Tanzania. Kuphatikiza apo, gawo logawa limaphatikizapo Trinidad, Togo, Uganda, Tobago, Uruguay. Komanso Venezuela, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Cuba, Dominica. Mitunduyi imagawidwa mwapadera ku Africa ndi South America. Pali malingaliro akuti abakhawa afalikira kumadera atsopano padziko lapansi ndi anthu.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa bakha wamakhweru woyera.
Bakha wa nkhope yoyera walikhweru ali ndi mlomo waimvi wautali, mutu wamtali, ndi miyendo yayitali. Nkhope ndi korona ndizoyera, kumbuyo kwa mutu ndikuda. Kwa anthu ena, nthenga zakuda zimaphimba pafupifupi mutu wonse.
Mitunduyi imapezeka kwambiri m'maiko akumadzulo kwa Africa monga Nigeria, komwe kumagwa mvula yambiri komanso nyengo yachilimwe imakhala yochepa. Kumbuyo ndi mapiko ake ndi ofiira kapena akuda. Pansi pake pa thupi palinso chakuda, ngakhale pali timadontho toyera tambiri mbali. Khosi ndi lofiirira. Mtundu wa nthenga za amuna kapena akazi osiyana ndizofanana. Mbalame zazing'ono sizikhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana kwambiri pamutu.
Mverani mawu a bakha wamakhweru woyera
Dendrocygna viduata mawu
Malo okhalapo bakha wamakhweru woyera.
Abakha okhala ndi whisiti amakhala m'malo amadzi osiyanasiyana amchere, kuphatikiza nyanja, madambo, madambo amitsinje ikuluikulu, pakamwa pa mitsinje yamadzi amchere, madamu, zigwa zamadzi osefukira, mayiwe. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'madamu okhala ndi zimbudzi, malo amisewu, minda ya mpunga. Amakonda madambwe m'malo otseguka, ngakhale amakhala m'madzi abwino kapena amchere amchere kumadera ambiri okhala ndi nkhalango ku South America, komwe kuli miyala yambiri. Amagona usiku wonse m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi zomera zomwe zikumera. Makamaka abakha ambiri amawoneka m'malo amenewa nthawi yovundikira, pomwe pamafunika kubisala kuti mudikire nthawi yovuta. Koma abakha okhala ndi zoyera zoyera amakhala chisa m'malo akuthwa owopsa. Kuchokera pamadzi mpaka ma 1000 mita.
Malikhweru abakha oyera nkhope zimapangitsa kusuntha komwe kumayenda nthawi zosakwana 500 km chifukwa cha kusintha kwamadzi ndi kupezeka kwa chakudya.
Kuswana kumayamba koyambirira kwa nyengo yamvula yakomweko. Abakha chisa chosiyana ndi mitundu ina kapena m'malo ochepa kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Mbalame zazikulu zimadikira nthawi yosungunuka zitaswana, pomwe sizimauluka masiku 18-25. Munthawi imeneyi, abakha okhala ndi zoyera oyera amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu ndipo amabisala m'mitengo yambiri m'madambo. Atatha kupanga zisa, amasonkhana m'magulu a anthu pafupifupi zikwi zingapo ndipo amadyera limodzi. Gulu lalikulu la mbalame zomwe zikubwera m'mawa pa dziwe zimasangalatsa.
Malikhweru abakha okhala ndi nkhope zoyera ndi mbalame zaphokoso kwambiri zikuuluka, zikumveka kulira kwa mluzu ndi mapiko awo. Mbalamezi zimakhala pansi, zimayenda molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya, malo okhala ndi mvula. Amasankha malo odyetserako ndalama ndi mabanki okwera posaya. Abakha nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mitengo, amasuntha pamtunda, kapena amasambira. Amagwira ntchito nthawi yakumadzulo masana ndikuuluka usiku. Nthawi zambiri amasuntha m'magulu ndi mitundu ina ya banja la bakha.
Kudya bakha wamanenedwe oyera.
Zakudya za bakha wokhala ndi nkhope yoyera zimakhala ndi zitsamba (barnyard) ndi mbewu za m'madzi, kakombo wamadzi Nyphaea.
Bakha amadyanso masamba ndi zitsamba zam'madzi zam'madzi, makamaka nthawi yotentha.
Tinyama tating'onoting'ono tam'madzi monga molluscs, crustaceans ndi tizilombo timagwidwa, nthawi zambiri pakagwa mvula.
Bakha amadyetsa makamaka usiku, ngakhale nthawi yozizira amathanso kudyetsa masana. Amadyetsa zosefera m'madzi, zomwe amazifunafuna akuya masentimita angapo m'matope osalimba ndikumeza mwachangu. Monga lamulo, amayenda mosavuta.
Kulira muluzu kwa bakha wokhala ndi nkhope yoyera ndikusanja.
Malikhweru abakha okhala ndi nkhope zoyera amaika zisa zawo patali kuchokera kumadzi, nthawi zambiri mumitengo yambiri, udzu wamtali, sedge kapena mbewu za mpunga, nkhalango zamabango, panthambi za mitengo yayitali kwambiri, komanso m'maenje amitengo (South America). Amatha kupanga chisa awiriawiri, m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kapena kumadera ochepa kumene zisa zili pamtunda wa mamita 75 (Africa). Chisa chimapangidwa ngati chikho chopangidwa ndi udzu. Pogwiritsa ntchito mazira 6 mpaka 12, makulitsidwe amachitidwa ndi makolo onse, amatha masiku 26 mpaka 30. Anapiye amawoneka okutidwa ndi mthunzi wa azitona wakuda wokhala ndi mawanga achikasu. Wamphongo ndi wamkazi amatsogolera anawo kwa miyezi iwiri.
Zopseza pakuchuluka kwa bakha wamakhweru woyera.
Malikhweru abakha oyera nkhope atengeka ndi avian botulism ndi avian fuluwenza, chifukwa chake mitunduyi imatha kukhala pachiwopsezo cha matenda atsopano. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu akumaloko amasaka abakha ndikugulitsa mbalamezi. Malonda akuchitira likhweru abakha amaso oyera akuyambika makamaka ku Malawi. Kusaka mbalamezi kukuchuluka ku Botswana.
Amagulitsidwa m'misika yamankhwala achikhalidwe. Malikhweru abakha okhala ndi nkhope zoyera ndi mitundu yomwe imatsata mgwirizano wamgwirizano wam'mlengalenga waku Africa ndi Europe.
