Kamba wam'madzi wa Muhlenberg (Glyptemys muhlenbergii) ndi wa dongosolo la fulu, gulu la zokwawa.
Kugawidwa kwa kamba kwam'madzi ku Muhlenberg.
Mühlenberg Marsh Turtle ili ndi malo osagwirizana komanso ogawanika kum'mawa kwa United States of America. Pali anthu awiri akulu: kumpoto kumagawidwa kum'mawa kwa New York, kumadzulo kwa Massachusetts, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Pennsylvania, New Jersey, kumpoto kwa Maryland, ndi Delaware. Anthu akummwera (makamaka m'malo okwera mpaka 4,000) ku Southern Virginia, kumadzulo kwa North Carolina, kum'mawa kwa Tennessee. Kamba wam'madzi wa Muhlenberg ndi amodzi mwamitundu yovuta kwambiri ku North America.
Malo okhala kamba am'madzi a Mühlenberg.
The Mühlenberg Marsh Turtle ndi mtundu wapadera kwambiri womwe umakhala m'malo ochepa kwambiri m'madambo osazama, kuyambira kunyanja mpaka kutalika kwa mita 1,300. Zimapezeka m'matumba a peat, zikopa zotsika, madambo achinyezi, ma sedge okhala ndi alder, larch, spruce kukula. Malo okhalamo amtundu uwu ndi mitsinje yaying'ono yotseguka yokhala ndi madzi oyenda pang'onopang'ono, mitsinje yokhala ndi matope ofewa ofewa komanso masamba a m'mphepete mwa magombe.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa kamba yam'madzi a Muhlenberg.
Kamba wam'madzi wa Mühlenberg ndi imodzi mw kamba zazing'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kutalika kwa carapace kumafikira masentimita 7.9 - 11.4. Ndi bulauni yakuda kapena yakuda mtundu ndipo imasiyanitsidwa ndi mabala owala pamavuto amtundu ndi mapembedzero. Mu akamba achichepere, mphetezo zimawonekera, koma chipolopolo muzitsanzo zakale chimakhala chosalala.
Mutu, khosi, ndi miyendo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofiirira zakuda ndimayendedwe ofiira ofiira achikasu ndi mizere. Malo akulu ofiira ofiira-lalanje amawoneka kumbuyo, nthawi zina amaphatikizika kukhala gulu lopitilira m'khosi. Nsagwada zakumtunda sizimadziwika bwino. Plastron ndi bulauni kapena wakuda, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malo achikaso owala mbali yamkati ndi yakunja. Wamphongo wamkulu amakhala ndi pulasitoni woboola pakati ndi mchira wautali, wokutira. Mkazi amasiyanitsidwa ndi pulasitala wathyathyathya ndi mchira wawung'ono woonda.
Kubalana kwa kamba yam'madzi ya Muhlenberg.
Kukwatana mu akamba am'madzi a Mühlenberg kumachitika mchaka cha Marichi mpaka Meyi. Pakati pa chibwenzi, chachimuna chimaluma mutu, ziwalo, chipolopolo chachikazi.
Nyengo yogona imakhala kuyambira pakati pa Meyi mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Julayi, pomwe mazira ambiri amaikidwa mu Juni.
Pofunafuna zisa, akazi amakonda kusamukira kumalo okwera, okwera bwino, ngakhale nthawi zina zisa zimakonzedwa pakatikati pa zotumphukira zozunguliridwa ndi madzi. Mulimonsemo, kuyika chisa pamalo otseguka, dzuwa likakhala labwino kukhala gawo lonyowa. Zisa zimamangidwa ndi nthambi zakumbuyo, momwe amachitira kamba. Dzira limodzi kapena asanu ndi limodzi amaikira kamodzi pachaka.
Mazirawo amatambasuka, oyera ndi chipolopolo chofewa pafupifupi pafupifupi 3 cm m'litali. Nthawi yokwanira imayambira masiku 45 mpaka 65. Akamba achichepere amakhala ndi carapace kutalika kwa 21.1 mpaka 28.5 mm. Amakula msanga mzaka zochepa zoyambirira, kenako amachepera azaka zapakati pa zinayi mpaka khumi.
Ali mu ukapolo, akamba am'madzi a Mühlenburg amakhala zaka zopitilira 40.
Khalidwe la kamba yam'madzi ya Muhlenberg.
Akamba am'madzi a Mühlenberg makamaka ndi nyama zamasana, ngakhale nthawi zina zimawonetsa zochitika usiku. Pamasiku ozizira, amakhala nthawi yayitali akuwotcha padzuwa m'mphepete mwa matupi osazama a madzi paziphuphu, koma nyengo yotentha amabisala pakati paudzu kapena m'mabowo omwe adakumba pakati pa sphagnum.
M'nyengo yozizira, akamba akuda a Mühlenberg amabisala, kubowola mumatope kapena zomera m'madzi osaya kapena m'mitsinje yodzaza madzi. Pofuna kugona tulo, malo omwewo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe magulu akamba amasonkhana chaka chilichonse. Akamba ena achithaphwi amakhala mdera komanso amateteza mwankhanza dera laling'ono kufupi ndi kwawo pafupifupi utali wa 1.2 mita.
Gulu laling'ono la akamba limafuna mahekitala 0,1 mpaka 3.1 kuti akhale ndi moyo.
Kudya kamba kamphepete mwa Muhlenberg.
Akamba am'madzi a Muhlenberg ndi omnivores ndipo amadya chakudya chomwe chimapezeka m'madzi. Amadya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono (tizilombo, mphutsi, nkhono, nkhanu, mphutsi). Komanso mbewu, zipatso, masamba obiriwira. Nyama zakufa ndi zinyama zazing'ono monga tadpoles, achule ndi mphutsi za salamander zimasonkhanitsidwa nthawi ndi nthawi.
Kutanthauza kwa munthu.
Akamba am'madzi a Mühlenberg amawononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mphutsi. Koma chofunikira kwambiri ndichakuti mtundu uwu umayamikiridwa ngati chosintha chapadera chomwe chimakhalabe chinthu chodziwika bwino pazachilengedwe. Akamba am'madzi a Mühlenberg amawonjezera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, ndi osowa, osatetezeka komanso omwe ali pangozi. Akamba awa ndi ang'ono, okongola komanso owoneka bwino, omwe amafunidwa ndi okonda nyama ndipo ali chinthu.
Kuteteza kamba yam'madzi a Muhlenberg.
Akamba amphongo a Mühlenberg ali pa IUCN Red List of Mitundu Yowopsa ndi CITES Zakumapeto I. Malo okhala kamba pakadali pano akusintha modabwitsa chifukwa cha zochita za anthu komanso kutsetsereka kwa madambo. Anthu akamba ali ndi chidwi ndi kusintha kwa malo okhala achilengedwe kumalo obisalirako madzi, njirazi nthawi zambiri zimatsekedwa ndi misewu, minda, msipu. Kuphatikiza apo, malonda a zokwawa zosawerengeka akupitilizabe kuphwanya malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi oteteza zamoyo.
Mitengo yokwera yamtundu uwu ya kamba imathandizira kuti anthu azibisala, ngakhale akuwopsezedwa kuti adzalandira zilango zazikulu.
Akamba am'madzi a Muhlenberg ali ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe omwe amawononga mazira ndi akamba ang'onoang'ono, omwe pakati pawo amafa kwambiri. Kukula pang'ono kwa anthu kumawonjezera chiopsezo kwa adani. Chiwerengero cha nkhandwe, akhwangwala amateteza chitetezo cha mitundu yosaoneka. Akamba am'madzi a Mühlenberg amadziwika ndi kubereka kotsika, osapanga mazira ochulukirapo, makamaka kukhwima mochedwa komanso nthawi yayitali yakukhwima. Zinthu zotere zomwe akamba am'madzi zimachepetsa kuchepa kwa anthu. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, akuluakulu amaberekera m'malo omwe amakhala ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimabweretsa kufa kwakukulu pakati pa akamba akulu komanso achikulire. Kuphatikiza apo, kudzipatula kwa malo okhala kumawonjezera chiopsezo chakuchepa kwa kusinthana kwa majini komanso kupezeka kwa mitundu yofanana yogonana.
Njira zotetezera zinthu zikuphatikiza kuzindikira malo okhala ovuta, kuteteza akamba kuchokera kwa ozembetsa, kasamalidwe ka nthaka mosasunthika, ndi mapulogalamu obereketsa akamba am'madzi a Mühlenberg.
