English Mastiff (English Mastiff) ndi amodzi mwamitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya agalu, onse kulemera ndi kutalika. Adabadwira kwazaka zambiri ku England kuti ateteze ndi kuteteza katundu ndipo anali agalu oopsa. Agalu amakono siokulu kokha, komanso ofewa m'chilengedwe.
Zolemba
- Mastiffs amafunika kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse, koma taganizirani kutentha kunja kwazenera. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka mphuno ndi kuchuluka kwake, amatenthetsa mosavuta ndipo amatha kufa.
- Popanda zochitika komanso zosangalatsa, Mastiff Wachingerezi atha kukhala wokhumudwa komanso wotopa. Ndipo zimapweteketsa nyumba yanu ndi mthumba.
- Amatevula malovu, koma osati kwambiri monga mitundu ina. Ngati simunakonzekere izi, ndibwino kuti musankhe mtundu wopanda kutchulidwa.
- Ngakhale ali ndi malingaliro abwino kwa ana, galu uyu sindiye chisankho chabwino kwa mabanja omwe ali ndi ana ang'ono ndi okalamba. Kungoti chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake, galu akamamenya mwanayo akumugwetsa pansi.
- Amatha kukhala m'nyumba kapena m'nyumba yanyumba yaying'ono, bola ngati akuyenda. Zabwino - mnyumba yapayokha yokhala ndi bwalo lalikulu.
- Ali ndi chibadwa champhamvu choteteza ndipo, osagwirizana bwino, amatha kuwonetsa molakwika. Mwana wagalu ayenera kudziwitsidwa kwa nyama zina, anthu, kununkhira, ndi zochitika.
- Kuseweretsa mwana wagalu kumuthandiza kukhala ndi moyo wosangalala, womasuka. Popanda izi ndi maphunziro, atha kukhala ankhanza kwa agalu ena, ndipo kulimba kwawo ndi kukula kwawo kumapangitsa kuti nkhondoyi ikhale yowopsa.
- Ngakhale kuti malaya awo ndiosavuta kusamalira, amakula kwambiri.
- Mastiff, yemwe wakula ndikutaya mphamvu yake yagalu, ndi mnzake wabwino. Khalani wodekha, wodekha, wokhozeka komanso wotsimikiza.
- Amatha kukhala olondera abwino kwambiri, koma amakola pang'ono kuposa agalu ena.
- Ndikofunikira kuchita maphunziro, chifukwa ndikovuta kuwongolera galu wa msinkhu uwu. Iwo sali ovomerezeka kwa okonda agalu osadziwa zambiri kapena anthu osatetezeka.
- Amanong'oneza ndi mokweza kwambiri.
- Waulesi komanso wonenepa, kuyenda tsiku lililonse kumawasunga.
- Agalu onse amasangalala ngati amakhala m'nyumba ndi banja lawo ndipo ma mastiff nawonso amakhala osangalala. Ayenera kusungidwa mnyumba, osati mumisasa kapena modyera, popeza apatukana ndi banja ndikuyamba kuvutika.
- Musagule mwana wagalu kwa wogulitsa wosadziwika. Kusunga ndalama kumatha kukulowetsani m'mavuto ambiri. Lumikizanani ndi nazale zomwe zatsimikiziridwa, komwe zingakuthandizeni posankha ndikukonzanso zina.
Mbiri ya mtunduwo
Agalu akulu nthawi zonse amakopa anthu, amagwiritsidwa ntchito posaka mikango, akambuku, zimbalangondo komanso pankhondo zankhondo.
Iwo amawonetsedwa pazithunzi zaku Asuri, nthawi yaulamuliro wa Ashurbanipal ndipo atha kukhala makolo amakolo achizungu aku England, koma palibe kafukufuku wamtundu womwe wachitika. Kuphatikiza apo, fuko la Kassite lilinso ndi zithunzi za agalu akulu, ndipo adakhalako zaka chikwi zapitazo.
Mitundu yomwe ma mastiff adachokera idakali yotsutsana. Amakhulupirira kuti iyi ndi galu wa fuko la Alan, omwe adasamukira kudera lamakono la France koyambirira kwa zaka za zana lachisanu.
Anali Alans omwe adakhala maziko a Canes Pugnaces Britanniae - galu womenyera nkhondo waku Britons, monga momwe Aroma adatchulira. Agaluwa adachita chidwi ndi Aroma kotero kuti adawanyamula ku Europe konse, kwinaku akuwoloka ndi mitundu yawo. Kuchokera pakugonjetsedwa kwa Britain ndi Britain mpaka Middle Ages, agalu awa akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati alonda, kumenyera maenje komanso kumenya nkhondo.
Kuyimitsa dzenje kukukhala masewera otchuka kwambiri ku England, makamaka kuyimitsa ng'ombe (kukakamiza ng'ombe) ndi kuyimitsa mowa (kunyamula). A Mastiffs achingerezi akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa iwo, koma kuyambira zaka za zana la 15 adasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi Bulldogs. Mpaka 1835, amatenga nawo mbali pankhondo, koma chiwonetsero chankhanzichi chikuletsedwa ndi lamulo.
Malamulo akusinthanso, palibe chifukwa cha agalu omwe angang'ambe munthu, koma omwe amafunikira omwe angawopsyeze ndikumanga. Kutsekedwa kwa maenje omenyera, kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo kumabweretsa chidziwitso chakuti pofika 1860 amakhala ofewa kwambiri kotero kuti oweta amafunika kuwadutsa ndi ma bulldogs akale achingerezi, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonekera kwa ng'ombe yamphongo.
Zisonyezero za agalu zakhala zikudziwika ku England kuyambira pafupifupi zaka za zana la 17, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mbadwa ndi mabuku oweta ziwonekere ndikupanga makalabu agalu. Zolemba zoyambirira za ana agalu achingelezi a Mastiff adabwerera ku 1800, komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa magulu oyamba okonda mitundu.
Pofika nthawi imeneyo, amasiya kukhala chidole kwa anthu apamwamba ndipo amapezeka kwa anthu otsika. Komabe, akadali okwera mtengo kwambiri kusamalira ndipo amasungidwa makamaka ndi ogulitsa nyama omwe ali ndi nyama yochulukirapo. Zotsatira zake, amadziwika mdziko lakwawo monga Agalu a Butcher kapena agalu a nyama.
Nkhondo Yoyamba Padziko Lonse imasokoneza kwambiri ma Mastiffs achingerezi. Sikuwoneka ngati kukonda dziko kukhala ndi galu yemwe amadya kwambiri tsiku limodzi kuposa asirikali aku Western Front. Zotsatira zake, magulu onse amalimbikitsa agalu, osatchulanso anthu wamba. Nkhondo itatha, amakhalabe ochepa kwambiri kuposa kale.
Zoona, mtunduwu umatha kufika ku America ndi Canada, komwe kumawonekera ochepa aku English ndipo akukula pang'onopang'ono. Mwamwayi, mu 1929 Mastiff Club of America idapangidwa, yomwe imalimbikitsa mtunduwo.
Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse imayika mtunduwo pamphepete mwa moyo. Mavuto ankhondo, chisamaliro chodula ndi kudyetsa ndi zochitika zankhondo zidapangitsa kuti agalu angapo akhalebe ku England. Koma amafanso ndi mliriwu, pali hule limodzi lokha lotchedwa Nydia waku Frithend.
Amalembetsedwa ngati English Mastiff, koma abambo ake sakudziwika ndipo ambiri amakhulupirira kuti anali bullmastiff. Ngakhale ku America pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, ma mastiff 14 adatsalira. Agalu onse omwe akukhala lero adachokera kwa agalu 15 awa.
Mu 1948, English Kennel Club (UKC) idazindikira mtunduwo, ngakhale anali osowa panthawiyo. Popeza panali agalu ochepa kwambiri, panali mphekesera kuti mitundu ina, kuphatikiza ng'ombe zamphongo, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukonzanso. Ngakhale kulibe umboni, kuthekera kwa izi ndikokulirapo.
Pomwe kuchuluka kwa anthu kumakulirakulira, kutchuka kwa ma mastiffs nawonso kudakulirakulira. Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, awa akhala akuyang'anira ndi kumenyana ndi agalu. Komabe, ma mastiff amakono ndiofewa kwambiri kuti akhale alonda ndipo adasinthidwa ndi a German Shepherds, Cane Corso ndi Rottweilers.
Koma akhala agalu oyanjana nawo komanso kwa anthu omwe ali okonzeka kusamalira ma mastiff, chisangalalo chenicheni. Chodabwitsa, agalu akuluakuluwa lero ndi abwenzi a anthu, ngakhale atha kukhala alonda ndikuchita bwino pamasewera.
Kufotokozera
English Mastiff ndi mtundu wodziwika kwambiri ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi chiwonetsero cha mamembala onse a gulu la Molossian. Chinthu choyamba chomwe chimakugwirani ndi kukula kwa galu. Ngakhale pali mitundu yambiri ya agalu, monga nkhandwe yaku Ireland, imaposa ma mastiffs moyerekeza.
Iyi ndi imodzi mwa agalu olemera kwambiri padziko lapansi, kakang'ono kakang'ono kakulemera makilogalamu 55, ambiri kuposa makilogalamu 72, ndipo ena mpaka 91 kg. Amuna amalemera kwambiri kuposa tizinyalala ndipo amalemera pakati pa makilogalamu 68 ndi 113, ndipo ziwerengero za nyama zomwe zili bwino, anthu onenepa amatha kulemera.
Galu wamkulu kwambiri yemwe adalembedwapo ndi Mastiff wamkulu wotchedwa Aicama Zorba waku La Susa wolemera 156 kg. Malinga ndi Guinness Book of Records, mu Marichi 1989 adafika 89 cm atafota, ndipo anali ndi miyezi 7 yokha. Izi ndizofanana kukula kwa bulu wamng'ono. Pambuyo pa 2000, buku la Guinness lidakana kulembetsa nyama zazikulu kapena zolemetsa.
Miyezo yosiyanasiyana imayitanitsa ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana za kutalika kwa agalu atafota, mwachitsanzo, mu AKC ndi masentimita 76 agalu ndi 70 cm a tinsalu. Kumbukirani kuti awa ndi manambala ocheperako, ndipo ma mastiff amatha kukhala apamwamba kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndizitali kuposa kutalika ndipo ndizazikulu kwambiri. Chifuwa chachikulu, mafupa akuda, miyendo yofananira ndi makungwa a mitengo. Sali onenepa, m'malo mwake - othamanga mwamphamvu komanso othamanga poyerekeza mitundu ina. Mchira ndi wandiweyani, koma amagunda kumapeto, amatuluka mokondwera.
Mutuwo umakhala pakhosi lolimba kwambiri kotero kuti kusintha kuchokera kwina kupita kwina kumakhala kovuta kuzindikira. Ndi yayikulu, yotakata komanso yakuya, koma osati yayitali kwambiri. English Mastiffs ndi mtundu wa brachycephalic, womwe umatanthawuza kufupika kwamphuno, ngati wamira m'mutu.
Mutu wonse, makamaka mphutsi, wokutidwa ndi makwinya, alipo ambiri ndipo ndi olimba, nthawi zina amatseka maso awo. Pamilomo, amapanga mawonekedwe.
Maso atenthedwa, ochepa komanso otalikirana. Makutu nawonso ndi ang'ono kwambiri, amakona atatu ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, atapachikidwa pamasaya.
Chovalacho nchapawiri, chovala chofewa komanso chofewa komanso malaya apamwamba, owongoka, owuma. Mitundu yovomerezeka: nswala, apurikoti, nswala zasiliva, nswala yakuda, brindle, fawn.
Mastiffs onse achingerezi ali ndi chigoba chakuda pakamwa pawo, chophimba chakuphimba ndi maso. Ana agalu amabadwa opanda chigoba, koma sangathe kutenga nawo mbali pazowonetsa. Mulingo wamtunduwu umaloleza kachigawo kakang'ono koyera pachifuwa, makamaka m'mawa.
Khalidwe
Imodzi mwamtundu wankhanza kwambiri, koma lero ndi mnzake wodekha komanso wofatsa, ndiye Mastiff Wachingerezi yemwe ali. Amakhala otsogola kwambiri ndipo amakhala osatetezeka pakusintha kwa malingaliro. Ndiwotchuka chifukwa chodzipereka kosatha, kukonda mabanja awo. Ngati galu sangakhale ndi banja lake, ndiye kuti amasungulumwa.
Vuto lina ndikuti ma mastiff amadziona ngati agalu, amatha kugona pamiyendo ya eni. Mukukumbukira momwe angathere?
Monga mitundu ina, mayanjano ndiofunikira m'mastiffs, ndipo chifukwa cha kukula kwake, ndikofunikira kwambiri. Galu yemwe waleredwa moyenera amakula kukhala wodekha, wodalirika komanso waulemu. Ena amatha kuchita manyazi komanso manyazi, lomwe ndi vuto lalikulu chifukwa cha kukula kwawo.
Nthawi zambiri ma miffiffs achingerezi samafulumira kupanga zibwenzi, koma pakapita nthawi amatenthetsa ndikuzolowera. Ali ndi chibadwa champhamvu choteteza chomwe sichimangofika pabwalo kokha, komanso kwa banja. Ngati ndi kotheka, galuyo sangalole mdani aliyense, sangalole kulowa m'derali, koma mwa iwo okha sathamangira kukawukira kuchokera poyetsemula pang'ono. Kuti iye athamangitsidwe, muyenera kuyesetsa kwambiri, ndipo wolowererayo azikhala nthawi yabwino atadzipanikiza pakhoma kapena pansi mpaka mwininyumba atabwera ndi kusankha choti muchite naye.
Pogwirizana ndi ana, agaluwa ndi angelo akuluakulu, achifundo komanso achifundo. Sikuti amangokhala ofewa modabwitsa nawo, komanso amalekerera kusewera kosavuta kwa makanda. Pokhapokha ana agalu atagundira mwana mosazindikira pamasewera awo, popeza iwonso ndi akulu komanso olimba, koma opusa.
Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale mitundu yofanana kwambiri imadana ndi agalu ena, ma Mastiff aku England amawachitira bwino. Agalu ochezeka amalekerera alendo, ndipo amakhala bwino ndi agalu omwe amakhala nawo. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa chofatsa, ngakhale agalu ang'onoang'ono komanso owopsa amalekerera.
Koma, zimatengera galu, ena atha kukhala olamulira kapena achiwawa kwa agalu amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Kupsa mtima kumeneku sikunganyalanyazidwe, popeza galu wa msinkhu uwu amatha kupha mnzake mosavuta, ngakhale atayesetsa pang'ono.
Pokhudzana ndi nyama zina, amphaka, amakhala odekha. Koma pokhapokha ngati aleredwa bwino.
Magawo ophunzitsira a Mastiff amasiyana galu ndi galu kuposa mitundu ina. Kumbali imodzi, ndi galu wanzeru kwambiri wofunitsitsa kusangalatsa mbuye wake.
Mbali inayi, ndi wamakani ndipo ndizovuta kuphunzitsa. Mukayamba kuphunzitsa mwana wagalu msanga, ndiye kuti amapeza zofunikira pakumvera pa ntchentche, koma iwo omwe adakula kale ali ouma khosi. Galu wowetedwa bwino amayang'anira chilichonse chomwe akuwona kuti ndi cha mwini wake.
Mwachitsanzo, mukaisiya pambali pa njinga, zikhala bwino kuposa loko yabwino kwambiri.
Ngakhale akafuna kusangalatsa, atha kusankha mwadzidzidzi kuti aphunzira zambiri ndipo akufuna kupumula.
Mulingo wamakani udalira galu, ena ndi mphindi zokha, ena ali ouma khosi moyo wawo wonse ndipo samapitilira malamulo oyambira.
Zomwe siziyenera kuchitika mosadabwitsa ndikufuula. Mastiffs amachita bwino kwambiri pakulimbikitsidwa komanso zakudya zabwino. Ngakhale sichinthu chofunikira kwambiri, galu wodalirika uyu amatenga malo a mtsogoleri ngati alibe kanthu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti mwini wake azikhala ndi udindo nthawi zonse.
Mastiffs achingerezi ndizodabwitsa modzichepetsa pankhani yazantchito. Ndi mbatata ya kama yemwe amatha kusokoneza kwa maola ambiri. Komabe, monga mitundu ina, iyenera kulandira nkhawa komanso zosangalatsa kuti isatope.
Katundu amawapangitsa kukhala athanzi komanso kuthana ndi mavuto amisala. Momwemo, uwu ndi ulendo wautali, ndipo osathamanga, chifukwa sakonda kuthamanga. Kupatula chakudya.
Komanso, mphuno ya brachycephalic sawalola kuti azipuma momasuka, kumbukirani izi ndipo musayende kutentha. Zabwino ngati muli ndi nyumba yanyumba komanso muli ndi bwalo, koma zilibe kanthu kuti mastiff amakhala mnyumba. Galu wamkulu chonchi amatha kukhalamo popanda zovuta.
Okhala nawo akuyenera kudziwa kuti ma mastiffs si galu wa aesthetes. Amayamwa kwambiri. Manja, mipando, makalapeti aziphimbidwa nawo. Amanong'oneza, ndipo nthawi yonse yomwe amagona, ndikupatsidwa kukula kwa galu, amasefa kwambiri.
Ma flew awo sawalola kuti adye mwaukhondo, ndipo chakudya ndi madzi zimauluka kuchokera m'mbale mbali zonse. Koma, choyipitsitsa ndi kunyada. Amatulutsa mpweya pafupipafupi kuposa agalu ena, ndipo ma volleys ndiamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti mumayenera kutuluka mchipinda ndikutulutsa mpweya wabwino.
Chisamaliro
Zosavuta kwambiri. Chovala chachifupi komanso chowotcha sichimafuna kukonza kwambiri, koma kutsuka nthawi zonse. Chokhacho chomwe chimafunikira chisamaliro chanthawi zonse ndi makwinya pankhope. Amadzaza dothi, mafuta ndi thukuta, chakudya ndi madzi zimachuluka.
Izi zimabweretsa kukwiya ndi kutupa. Momwemo, makwinya ayenera kutsukidwa pambuyo pa chakudya chilichonse. Muyenera kudyetsa katatu patsiku, koma kumbukirani kuopsa kwa volvulus.
Zaumoyo
Mastiffs amadwala matenda ambiri. Izi ndi matenda omwe mitundu yayikulu imakonda kuphatikiziranso kupuma chifukwa cha mphuno ya brachycephalic.
Nthawi yokhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 7, ngakhale atha kukhala zaka 10-11. Ndi moyo waufupi chonchi, nawonso amavutika ndi matenda am'magazi ndi ziwalo zopumira.
Koma, vuto loopsa kwambiri ndi volvulus.
Zimachitika pamene matumbo a galu amapindika mkati mwa galu. Agalu akuluakulu makamaka amamutengera, ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu, ngati mngelezi wachizungu.
Popanda chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu (opaleshoni), bloat imabweretsa imfa ya nyama. Vuto ndiloti limakula msanga ndikupha msanga. Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe sizingapewereke konse, koma pewani kudyetsa galu wanu musanadye ndikudyetsa pang'ono kangapo patsiku.
