Ndizodabwitsa kuti miyambo yathu, zinthu zapakhomo, ziwiya zowerengera zimadutsana ndi zachilengedwe. Ambiri adayang'ana makanema muubwana wawo, ndipo amakumbukira zamatsenga zooneka ngati bakha, zomwe zidatuluka pachitsime panthawi yofunikira kwambiri.
Ndipo m'chilengedwe muli abakha otere, amatchedwa dives. Mwa mitundu yonse ya bakha wosambira pamadzi, lero tilingalira bakha woponderezedwa kapena bakha wopingasa.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mwa abakha ena bakha wosasunthika imaonekera ndi "tsitsi" pamutu. Mulu wa nthenga zazitali woterewu wopachikika mu nkhumba umapangitsa kuti uzizindikirika. Ngakhale akatswiri azachilengedwe ndi osaka nyama amazindikiritsa bakha ameneyu ndi nthenga zokongola zamphongozo. Msana, mutu, khosi, chifuwa, mchira ndi wakuda-malasha, mimba ndi mbali zake zimakhala zoyera.
Amuna Amphaka Amphaka
Chifukwa cha ichi, anthu amatchulanso bakha wonyezimira kuti "woyera" komanso "chernushka". M'ngululu ndi chilimwe, zovala za drake sizowala bwino; pafupi ndi nthawi yophukira, amakhala wokongola kwambiri. Yaimuna imakhalanso yokongola kwambiri munyengo yamakwati, kenako nthenga pamutu pake zimaponyedwa mu buluu-violet kapena wobiriwira.
Bakha wamkazi anagwedezeka zimawoneka zocheperako. Komwe drake imakhala yakuda, imakhala ndi nthenga zakuda bii, pamimba kokha pamayera momwemo. Crest imawonekeranso kwambiri mwa amuna, mwa chibwenzi sichimadziwika kwenikweni. Pamapiko amitundu yonse yachiwerewere, mawanga oyera oblong amaonekera ngati mawindo.
Mlomo umakhala wabuluu-buluu, zikhomo ndizotuwa ndi nembanemba zakuda. Mutu waukulu kwambiri umakhala wozungulira ndipo umakhala pakhosi laling'ono. Maso ndi achikasu owala, amawonekera ndi magetsi motsutsana ndi nthenga zakuda.
Achinyamata mpaka chaka chamtundu ali pafupi ndi akazi mu nthenga, owala pang'ono. Nthawi zambiri, ndimkazi yemwe amamveka, "mwamunayo" amakonda kukhala chete.
Zosangalatsa! Liwu la mkuluyu nthawi yomweyo limapereka chiwonetsero cha jenda. Mwamuna amakhala ndi kukukuta mwakachetechete ndikuimba mluzu "guyin-guyin", pomwe wamkazi amakhala ndi "croak" wokhumudwa.
Mverani mawu a duke wolamulidwa:
Abakha achikazi (kumanzere) ndi abulu achimuna
Kukula kwa bakha kumawerengedwa kuti ndi kakulidwe kakang'ono, kakang'ono kuposa mallard. Kutalika kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 45-50, kulemera kwamwamuna ndi 650-1050 g, mkazi ndi 600-900 g. Bakha wophimbidwa pachithunzichi makamaka okongola m'chigawo chamadzi. Malo abatawo amawonetsera bakha wokongola wachiwiri. Ndipo yamphongo imawoneka yosangalatsa kwambiri motsata chipale chofewa, makamaka kumbuyo kwake kosavomerezeka.
Mitundu
Kuphatikiza pa crested, mitundu ingapo ndi ya mtundu wa abakha.
- Bakha wamutu wofiira Ndi bakha wosambira wamkulu pakati omwe amakhala munyengo yotentha ya kontinenti yathu, komanso mdera laling'ono kumpoto kwa Africa. Moyo wake, malo okhala ndi ofanana ndi wolamulira wamkulu, yemwe nthawi zambiri amagawana malo okhala ndi chakudya.
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu: mu drake munyengo yokhwima, mutu ndi zotupa zimapangidwa ndi utoto wofiira kapena wofiira, alibe tuft. Wapafupi kwa iye mwa mawonekedwe Wachimereka ndipo wamitu yayitali wamutu wofiira abakha akumira m'madzi omwe amakhala ku North America. Pokhapokha wina atakhala ndi mutu wozungulira, pomwe winayo ali ndi mulomo wautali komanso wokulirapo.
Pakati pa nyengo yokhwima, mu bakha la mutu wofiira, mutu ndi goiter zimapeza nthenga zofiirira.
- Bakha wamakhola Ndi bakha wochepa pamadzi wochokera ku North America. Zikuwoneka ngati chithunzi chocheperako cha omwe akukokedwa, pokhapokha popanda chojambulacho. Zima makamaka ku Gulf of Mexico, ngakhale nthawi zina zimafika kunyanja ya Caribbean.
- Kutsika kwa Baer - mitundu yochepa ya abakha yomwe yatchulidwa mu Red Book of Russia. M'dziko lathu, amakhala m'chigawo cha Amur, Khabarovsk Territory ndi Primorye. Amapezeka ku Amur ku China. Nyengo kuzilumba za Japan, China ndi Peninsula yaku Korea.
Kuthawira kwa Ber ndi mitundu yochepa ya abakha
- Bakha wamaso oyera (wakuda ndi maso oyera) - bakha wamng'ono wolemera mpaka 650 g Nthenga za mbalame zazikulu zimakhala zofiirira, kokha m'nyengo yokhwimitsa drake amakongoletsedwa ndi mimba yoyera ndi chotupa, ndipo mbali zake zimakhala zofiira.
Ndalandira dzina la mawonekedwe achikasu achikaso, omwe amawoneka oyera kuchokera patali. Mkaziyo ali ndi maso abulauni. Amakhala ku Central ndi Western Asia. Zofanana kwambiri ndi bakha uyu Kulowerera ku Australia... Ili ndi malo osiyana okha - kwawo ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Australia.
- Kutsikira ku Madagascar Ndi bakha wosambira wosowa kwambiri. Kwa zaka zambiri zimawerengedwa kuti zatha, mpaka pomwe zidapezedwanso ku 2006 ku Madagascar pa Nyanja ya Matsaborimena. Pakadali pano pali achikulire opitilira 100. Kunja kowoneka bwino kofiirira ndi kulocha imvi kumbuyo. Maso ndi milomo imakhalanso imvi. Kuwala kowonekera kumaonekera kumbuyo kwa maso ndi pamapiko.
- Bakha waku New Zealand - yamitundu yonse yamadiso, imodzi ilibe kusiyana kwakukulu pamitundu yogonana. Ma drake ndi abakha onse amakhala ndi nthenga zofiirira. Maso awo okha ndi amitundu yosiyana - mwa amuna amakhala achikasu, mwa akazi - bulauni wa azitona. Amakhala, monga zikuwonekeratu, ku New Zealand, amasankha nyanja yakuya yoyera, nthawi zina mapiri, yomwe ili pamtunda wa 1000 m.
Pachithunzicho, bakha wamwamuna ndi wamkazi wa ku New Zealand
Koposa zonse, mitundu iwiri ikufanana ndi bakha wokhazikika:
- Nyanja yakuda... Nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka ndi heroine wathu, makamaka momwe amakondera wina ndi mnzake, koma poyang'anitsitsa amakhala ndi zosiyana zingapo. Choyamba, iye ndi wamkulu. Drake wamkulu amatha kulemera kuposa 1.3 kg. Kusiyana kotsatira ndi mulomo. Imakulira pansi pafupifupi 40%. Ndipo chofunikira kwambiri ndikuti alibe zilonda zam'mimba, ndipo kumbuyo kwazimayi kulibe kotopetsa kofiirira, koma ili ndi mizere yotseguka ya mizere yopyapyala yakuda ndi yoyera. Kuzungulira mlomo, mkaziyo ali ndi mzere woyera woyera, chifukwa chake amatchedwa "Belouska". Zimaswana ku Eurasia ndi North America, malo abwino okhala - kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa nyanja. Zisanu m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Caspian, Black, Pacific, komanso pagombe lakumwera kwa Sakhalin.
- Nyanja yaying'ono bakha amabwereza mtundu wake bakha wamkulu wam'nyanja, koma ali ndi kakhosi kakang'ono komanso mchira wakuthambo wakuda wakuda ndi yoyera. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi alendo osowa ku Europe, kwawo ndi North America, Canada, nthawi zina kumpoto kwa South America.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Crested Bakha ndi mbalame zosamukasamuka. Amabereka m'malo otentha komanso kumpoto kwa Eurasia, posankha madera a nkhalango. Amapezeka ku Iceland ndi England, ku Scandinavia Peninsula, ku Kolyma basin, ku Kola Peninsula, ku France otukuka, Germany ndi Switzerland, komanso kuzilumba za Commander Islands.
Amakhala ku Ukraine, ku Transbaikalia, ku Altai Territory ndi Mongolia, ku Kazakhstan komanso kumunsi kwa Volga, komanso kuzilumba zaku Japan. Anthu akumpoto amapita kunyanja ya Baltic komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Europe, pafupi ndi Nyanja ya Atlantic.
Bakha wosokonekera akuthawa
Oimira pakatikati amadziunjikira nyengo yozizira pafupi ndi Nyanja Yakuda ndi Caspian, amasamukira ku Nyanja ya Mediterranean, komanso kumwera kwa India ndi China, ngakhale kuwuluka kupita kumpoto kwa Africa, ku Mtsinje wa Nile. Komabe, anthuwa adagawidwa mosagwirizana. M'madera ena, kuchuluka kwake, m'malo ena sichoncho.
Izi ndichifukwa choti amakonda kukhala m'madzi ambiri. Mitsinje yamadzi osefukira, nyanja zamnkhalango, nyanja zam'madzi - awa ndi malo abwino oti azikhalamo. Panthawi yobzala, amakhala m'mphepete mwa mabanki, m'mabango ndi zomera zina.
Amakhala pafupifupi nthawi yawo yonse pamadzi, kusambira ndikudumphira pansi kuya kwa mita 4, ma dives ozama amadziwikanso - mpaka mamita 12. Amatha kukhala pansi pamadzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuchokera pamwamba pa dziwe amadzuka ndi kuyesetsa, atathamanga, kukweza kasupe wa utsi ndi phokoso kudera lonselo. Koma kuthawa komweko ndikofulumira komanso chete.
Monga abakha onse, amayenda movutikira pansi, akuyenda. Zimakhalira awiriawiri, zikulumikizana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira zimagwirizana m'magulu zikwizikwi. Izi zimachitika kuyambira kumapeto kwa Ogasiti ndikupitilira mpaka Okutobala. Ndi nyengo yachisanu yozizira, ndegeyo ikhoza kuchedwa mpaka Novembala.
Mabanja ena amakhala m'nyengo yozizira pamadzi osazizira. Chochititsa chidwi ndikuwuluka kwa gulu lotere. Abakha amawuluka bwino, mwachangu, osasunthika. Nthawi zina zimawoneka kuti amapachika mapiko awo pafupifupi chimodzimodzi, polamula.
Crested bakha m'dzinja
Crested bakha m'dzinja - chinthu chosangalatsa pakusaka masewera ndi kujambula. Nyama yake ilibe kukoma kwabwino, imakoma ngati matope ndi nsomba, koma kukwera bakha wosasunthika kumabweretsa chisangalalo chachikulu.
Zakudya zabwino
Chakudya cha kalonga chitha kuwerengedwa kuti ndi protein. Amadzipezera mphutsi, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, dragonflies, crustaceans, nsomba zazing'ono. Mbalame zam'madzi nthawi zambiri zimamira m'madzi kuti zithe kudya. Imagwiritsa ntchito zomera m'madzi komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja ngati zowonjezera pazakudya zazikulu.
Zakudya nthawi zambiri zimachitika masana, nthawi zina, kangapo, zimatha kudyedwa usiku. Ndizosangalatsa kuwona kutsetsereka kwakukulu kwa bakha kwinaku akusaka. Sizikudziwika momwe amakwanitsira kutulutsa nyamayo mozama, koma m'kuphethira kwa diso kupangana kumachitika, ndipo tsopano bakha wakuda torpedo yaying'ono idapita pansi. Kugwira mpweya m'madzi kumatha kukhala kaduka ka osambira odziwa bwino ntchito yawo. Amatha kumeza wovutikira pang'ono mchigwacho. Ndi nyama zazikulu, muyenera kukwera.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Msinkhu wobereka umachitika kumapeto kwa chaka choyamba chobadwa. Amabwerera kunyumba zawo pomwe matupi amadzi atha kale ayezi, kumwera ndiko kuyamba kwa Epulo, kumpoto - koyambirira kwa Meyi. Awiri adapangidwa nthawi yachisanu, ndipo imodzi yamoyo.
Amayi adakwera bakha ndi anapiye
Tikafika kunyumba, sipamafunika kuwononga nthawi kudziwana. Koma kuchita chibwenzi ndi mwambo wokakamizidwa. Drake amachita zovina zachikhalidwe mozungulira bwenzi lake pamadzi, limodzi ndi kulira. Zisa zimakonzedwa pambuyo poti madzi akulu asowa, kaya pazilumba zazing'ono, kapena pagombe pomwe, muudzu wandiweyani.
Mtunda wa pakati pa zisa utha kukhala wopitilira mamitala angapo. Chisa chomwecho chimawoneka ngati mbale yayikulu yomangidwa ndi zimayambira ndi masamba. Ndi wamkazi yekha amene amamanga. Amapereka mosamala kutuluka kwabwino kumadzi, koma nthawi yomweyo amasamala kwambiri kubisa.
Kuchokera mkati, mayi woyembekezera amayenda pansi ndikutuluka kwake, modzipereka ndikuing'amba pamimba pake. Mu zowalamulira pali mazira 8 mpaka 11, pearlescent-greenish hue. Kukula kwa dzira lililonse kumakhala pafupifupi 60x40 mm, ndipo limalemera magalamu 56. Kawirikawiri, koma pali timatumba tambiri ta mazira 30.
Izi zimachitika azimayi angapo atayikira mazira pachisa chimodzi chifukwa chosowa meta womangira. Mkazi akhoza kusiya zowalamulira zoterezi. Kenako amapita makulitsidwe, omwe amatenga masabata 3.5-4. Amachitanso izi yekha.
Anapiye a mkulu wachikumbutso
Ngati zowalamulira zatayika pazifukwa zilizonse, bakha amathamangira kuikiranso mazira. Pomwe chachikazi chimasamira anapiye, chachimuna chimaphulika. Anapiye anaswa masiku 25 ndipo mayi akupitiliza kuwasamalira.
Ana a bakha amakula msanga, motsogozedwa ndi amayi awo amapita m'madzi, amawaphunzitsanso kutsika ndikudzipezera chakudya. Patatha pafupifupi miyezi ingapo, abakha achichepere amatengana ndipo "amatenga mapiko awo." Tsopano agwirizana m'magulu ndikuyamba kukhala achikulire.
Mwachilengedwe, kuda kumatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 7-8. Bakha ameneyu amakhala komanso amaswana mosamala ngakhale m'mayiwe am'mizinda ndipo amatha nyengo yozizira m'mitsinje yosazizira. Matupi amadzi oyera ndiofunikira kwambiri kwa kalonga wokhazikika, chifukwa samangosambira komanso kudya, amakhala nawo.
Mbalameyi imalekerera kuwonongeka kwa technogenic mosavomerezeka, chifukwa chake, ngakhale ikufalikira kwambiri, ambiri akuda nkhawa ndi funsoli - bakha wokhazikika mu Red Book kapena ayi? Zowonadi, mu 2001, bakha adatchulidwa mu Red Book of Moscow ndi dera la Moscow ngati nyama yomwe ili pachiwopsezo. Koma m'malo ena sizinaganiziridwebe choncho.
