Njuchi - nthumwi yamtendere kwambiri, yosavulaza banja la njuchi. Ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kwambiri kokhala ndi mtundu wokongola kwambiri, wosaiwalika. Chinyamacho chimakhala ndi dzina lachilendo pazifukwa. Zimachokera ku liwu lakale lachi Russia loti "chmel", lomwe limatanthauza "hum, wheeze." Umu ndi momwe kumveka kopangidwa ndi tizilombo kumatha kuzindikirika.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Bumblebee
Nyama iyi ndi ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ku banja la njuchi zenizeni, ku mtundu womwewo - ziphuphu. M'Chilatini, dzinalo limamveka ngati "Bomba". Mndandanda wa kachilombo ka mapiko. Ziphuphu zimakhala mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo. Pakadali pano, mitundu yoposa mazana atatu ya anyani akudziwika, omwe ali a subspecies makumi asanu.
Mwa mitundu, otchuka kwambiri ndi awiri:
- Bomba lapidarius;
- Bomba terrestris.
Bumblebees ndi akulu kukula, mosiyana ndi mamembala ambiri am'banja lawo. Ali ndi mtundu wachikaso chakuda. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timangosokonezeka ndi ena akutali. Chizindikiro cha ziphuphu ndizo mphamvu zawo zamphamvu. Zimapangidwa kuti zikhale mwamtendere. Pofuna kudziteteza, nyama monga njuchi zina zimagwiritsa ntchito mbola.
Chosangalatsa: Kuluma kwa njuchi sikumva kuwawa kuposa kuluma kwa njuchi kapena kuluma kwa mavu. Tizilombo tomwe timakhala mwamtendere, sikumangoluma popanda chifukwa. Nyama imagwiritsa ntchito nsagwada zamphamvu, nsagwada zokha pokhapokha pakhala choopsa m'moyo wake.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timaonedwa ngati magazi ofunda. Ndikusuntha kwakukulu, thupi la bumblebee limatulutsa kutentha. Kutentha kwa thupi lawo kumatha kufikira madigiri makumi anayi. Oyimira onse amtundu wa bumblebee ali ndi thupi lotuluka. Izi zimawathandiza kusintha mosavuta ngakhale nyengo yovuta kwambiri. Mabuluwa ndi tizilombo tothandiza, tosinthasintha. Amayendetsa maluwa ambiri, osunthira m'malo amodzi kupita kumalo ena.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nyama yamphongo
Oimira amtunduwu ndi ena mwa tizilombo tosamva kuzizira kwambiri. Amatha kulekerera chisanu chaching'ono. Izi zimatheka chifukwa chokhala ndi mfuti yotentha komanso minofu yolimba pachifuwa. Tizilombo tikhoza kukulitsa kutentha kwa thupi mwa kutulutsa minofu yake mofulumira. Ziphuphu ndi zoyamba kuwuluka kuti akatenge timadzi tokoma. Amachita izi m'mawa kwambiri, pomwe mpweya sunakhalebe ndi nthawi yotentha kutentha kwa banja lonse la njuchi.
Mabuluwa ndi tizilombo tambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi lawo kumatha kufika mamilimita makumi awiri mphambu asanu ndi atatu. Akazi amatha kudzitamandira ndi kukula koteroko. Amuna amakula mpaka mamilimita makumi awiri mphambu anayi. Ndipo mitundu ina yokha ndi yomwe imatha kutalika kwa milimita makumi atatu ndi zisanu. Mwachitsanzo, steppe bumblebee. Kulemera kwapakati kwa mkazi ndi 0,85 g wamwamuna - mpaka 0.6 g.
Kanema: Bumblebee
Nthaŵi zambiri, tizilombo timakhala ndi mtundu wachikaso chakuda. Komabe, mwachilengedwe pali mitundu ya mabuluwa okhala ndi lalanje komanso mikwingwirima yofiira, ndipo ena amajambulidwa wakuda kwathunthu. Amakhulupirira kuti kusiyanasiyana kwamitundu kumalumikizidwa ndi zinthu ziwiri: Kufunika kobisa, kutentha kwamphamvu.
Mutu wamutu wazimayi umakulitsidwa pang'ono, wamwamuna - pafupifupi wozungulira. Mimba ya tizilombo siyopindika. Maonekedwe akunja a hind tibia amapangidwa mwapadera kuti mungu utengeke - ndi yosalala, yowala, ndipo ili ndi mawonekedwe a "dengu". Mbola ya nyama ilibenso mphindikati, imatha kuigwiritsa ntchito kangapo osadzivulaza. Mbolayo ikaloŵa pakhungu, njuchi zimatulutsa poizoni pang'ono.
Kodi bumblebee amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Tizilombo ta bumblebee
Mabuluwa ndi ena mwa tizilombo tofala kwambiri. Amakhala m'makontinenti onse. Chokhacho ndi Antarctica. Komabe, anthu okhala m'malo osiyanasiyana si ofanana. Chifukwa chake, ku Northern Hemisphere, ziphuphu zochulukirapo zimapezeka m'malo otentha. Mitundu yochepa chabe ndi yomwe imapezeka kutsidya la Arctic Circle. Bumblebees akumpoto ndi kum'mwera amakhala ku Chukotka, Greenland, Alaska. Kwa moyo wonse amasankha mapiri, mapiri a mapiri, amakhala pafupi ndi malire a madzi oundana.
Mabuluwa amapezeka kawirikawiri kumadera otentha. Ichi ndi chifukwa chapadera pa kutentha kwa thupi la nyama. Amangokhala osasangalala ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Ziphuphu zimakonda nyengo yozizira. Pali mitundu iwiri yokha ku Amazon; mitundu ingapo imatha kuwona ku Asia kotentha. Tizilomboti timakhazikika ku South America, kupatula kotentha. Komanso, nyamazi zimakhala ku Africa, Russia, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, ndi mayiko ena ambiri.
Zosangalatsa: Bumblebees si tizilombo tolusa. Pachifukwa ichi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'minda yazinyumba ndi chilimwe pofuna kuyendetsa mungu wa mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muwonjezere kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zokolola.
Ziphuphu zam'munda zinayambitsidwa makamaka ku Australia. Kumeneku amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apange mungu wambiri, amakhala ku Tasmania kokha. Mitundu ingapo ya tizilomboti imakhala ku New Zealand.
Kodi bumblebee amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Bumblebee
Nyama izi ndi abale apafupi kwambiri a njuchi za uchi. Koma ngakhale zili choncho, zakudya zawo ndizosiyana kwambiri. Mavu ali ndi mndandanda wa "zakudya" zoyenera kudya. Amadya zipatso zamitengo, timadzi tokoma, shuga, madzi a zipatso, ndipo amatha kudya jamu ndi uchi wosungunuka m'madzi. Zakudya izi sizoyenera bumblebees.
Oimira mtundu uwu amadyetsa timadzi tokoma ndi mungu. Amazisonkhanitsa kuchokera ku mitundu yambiri ya zomera. Mndandanda wa zomera ndi waukulu kwambiri, choncho njuchi zotchedwa bumblebees zimatchedwa pollinators. Amabweretsa phindu lalikulu pantchito zaulimi za anthu, ndikuwonjezera zokolola mwachangu.
Ziphuphu zazikuluzikulu zimagwiranso ntchito kudyetsa mphutsi zawo. Kuti achite izi, amabweretsa timadzi tokoma pachisa. Nthawi zina, m'malo mwa timadzi tokoma, mphutsi zimapatsidwa uchi wawo. Bumblebees amapanganso uchi, koma ndi wosiyana pang'ono ndi njuchi wamba. Uchi wa bumblebee ndi wocheperako, umakhala wosasintha, wowala. Simamva kukoma pang'ono ndipo samatulutsa fungo. Uchi wotere umasungidwa bwino kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa: Asanakucha, bumblebee imodzi nthawi zonse imawonekera pachisa cha bumblebee, chomwe chimayamba kulira mokweza. Poyamba, asayansi amakhulupirira kuti mwanjira imeneyi amalimbikitsa anthu ena onse kuti ayambe kugwira ntchito. Komabe, kunapezeka kuti bulu wankhuku anali akungonjenjemera ndi kuzizira ndikuyesera kutentha, chifukwa m'mawa kwambiri kutentha kwa mpweya kumakhala kotsika kwambiri.
Bumblebees of pollination amakonda kusankha maluwa owala kwambiri. Nyengo zochepa zokha ndi pomwe nyama zimatha kudya zipatso zamitengo. Pakudyetsa, nyamazi zimanyamula mbewu, zomwe zimathandizira kukolola kwambiri. Chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi tizilombo timeneti ndi clover.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Bumblebee pamaluwa
Bumblebee ndi tizilombo tachikhalidwe. Amakhala miyoyo yawo ndi mabanja awo. Banja lililonse limakhala ndi mfumukazi zazikulu, zazimuna ndi zazing'ono zomwe zimagwira ntchito. Mabanja amakhala zisa zazikulu kwambiri. Nyama izi zimamanga zisa za mitundu itatu:
- Mobisa. Malo okhala oterewa amakondedwa ndi nthumwi zambiri zamtunduwu. Chisa chimakhazikika m'ming'alu yosiyidwa ya makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Fungo la nyama zotere limakopa makamaka ziphuphu zazikazi. Kuti atseke chisa chapansi panthaka, tizilombo timagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotsala ndi mbewa: udzu wouma, ubweya;
- Pansi. Zisa zotere zimakhazikika muudzu wandiweyani, zisa za mbalame zosiyidwa, m'mabampu a moss;
- Pamwamba pa nthaka. Mitundu ina ya anyaniwa imakhala m'mabowo a mitengo, nyumba zosiyanasiyana ngakhalenso mnyumba zosungira mbalame.
Banja la njuchi silambiri. Nthawi zambiri, anthu ake ndi zana okha. Amakhala limodzi chaka chimodzi chokha. Pambuyo pake, akazi ena amakhazikitsa mabanja atsopano, gawo lina limapita nthawi yachisanu. Moyo wa bumblebees ndi wolemera kwambiri. Wachibale aliyense ali ndi ntchito yake. Akuluakulu ogwira ntchito amachita zonyansa zonse. Amadyetsa mphutsi, kupeza chakudya, amayang'anira nyumba. Chiberekero chimagwira mazira, amuna - mu umuna wa akazi. Akamaliza kugwira ntchito yaikuluyi, amunawo sachedwa kuzala.
Khalidwe la ophulika ndi odekha, osati aukali. Mosiyana ndi mamembala ambiri am'banja lawo, tizilombo timeneti sichiukira anthu popanda chifukwa. Bumblebee akangoluma pokhapokha pangozi. Komabe, kwa munthu, izi sizikhala zopweteka.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Nyama yamphongo
Kakhalidwe ka njuchi zikufanana ndi chikhalidwe cha oimira njuchi zowona. Mwa nyamazi, chiberekero ndicho chimakhala chachikulu. Ndi iye amene amalenga banja, pa magawo oyambirira akugwira nawo ntchito yomanga nyumba, amatayira mazira. Izi zimatsatiridwa ndi abambo ndi mabulu ogwira ntchito, omwe pambuyo pake amachita nawo kudyetsa ana, kusaka chakudya.
Bumblebee wamkazi amakhala ndi umuna nthawi yachilimwe. Atangomaliza umuna, amayamba kudyetsa kwa milungu ingapo. Izi ndizofunikira pobereka ana athanzi. Chotsatira, chachikazi chimayamba kufunafuna malo oyenera oikira mazira. Pakadali pano, mazira m'mimba mwake mwa amayi amayamba kupsa. Atapeza malo, mkazi amapita kukaikira mazira, ntchito yomanga.
Zosangalatsa: Si mitundu yonse ya njuchi zomwe zimavutika kumanga chisa. Mamembala ena amtunduwu amakhala ndi moyo wamatenda okhaokha. Amayika ana awo mumng'oma ya mabanja ena.
Mkazi amaikira mazira pafupifupi khumi ndi asanu ndi limodzi nthawi imodzi. Zonsezi ndizotalika, mpaka kutalika kwa mamilimita anayi kutalika. Pambuyo masiku asanu ndi limodzi, mphutsi zimatuluka m'mazira. Mphutsi zimatha patatha masiku makumi awiri. Choko chimacha pafupifupi masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu. Ndiye kuti, pafupifupi, akulu amatuluka atayika mazira patatha masiku makumi atatu.
Chosangalatsa: Ngati chiberekero chimamwalira mwadzidzidzi, ndiye kuti banja la bumblebee silitha. Ziphuphu zogwira ntchito zimayamba kugwira ntchito zake. Amathanso kuikira mazira.
Adani achilengedwe a ziphuphu
Chithunzi: Bumblebee akuthawa
Ziphuphu zimakhala zothamanga, zothamanga, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Komabe, alinso ndi adani achilengedwe okwanira. Mdani wofunika kwambiri wa ziphuphu ndi nyerere. Nyama yaying'ono iyi imavulaza tizilombo: imaba uchi wake, mazira, mphutsi. Mitundu yonse yomwe imakonda kupanga zisa pansi imavutika ndi nyerere. Pachifukwa ichi, mitundu yambiri imakana nyumbayi, ikufuna kukhazikika pansi kapena pansi, pomwe zimakhala zovuta kuti nyerere zizidutsamo.
Mavu ena amawerengedwanso kuti ndi adani a bumblebee. Chifukwa chake, ena mwa iwo amabweretsa zovuta zochepa, kuba uchi wokonzedwa kumene, ena - amapha ana. Mavu apapepala amaba uchi, ndipo mavu aku Germany amatha kudya ana.
Kuopsa kwa njuchi zamtundu uliwonse kumatengedwa ndi ntchentche zouluka. Amawukira tizilombo m'malere. Ntchentche yotere imatha kuthamangitsa nyama yake kwa maola ambiri. Ikakwaniritsa cholinga chake, ntchentche yotchedwa canopid imaikira dzira mwachindunji pa bumblebee. Pambuyo pake, mbozi imaswa kuchokera dzira. Iye amayamba kudya khamu lake, zomwe pang'onopang'ono kumabweretsa imfa yake.
Mbalame ndi nyama zolusa zimapweteketsa anthu. Pakati pa mbalame, wodya njuchi wagolide amadziwika kuti ndiye mdani wamkulu. Mwaluso amakola mazana a tizilombo, kuwononga ziphuphu zochuluka zedi mchaka chimodzi. Agalu, mahedgehogs, ndi nkhandwe sachita manyazi kudya tizilomboti. Amalimbana ndi zisa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Tizilombo ta bumblebee
Bumblebee ndi amene amachititsa kuti mungu anyamule mungu wake kwambiri. Zimabweretsa zabwino pantchito zaulimi za anthu ndipo, mwachilengedwe chonse, ku zachilengedwe zonse, kuyendetsa mungu m'nkhalango, kulimidwa, ndi udzu. Ndiosunthika, "amagwira ntchito" mwachangu kwambiri kuposa njuchi. Kutenga nawo gawo ndikofunikira pakugawana nyemba, nyemba zamchere, ndi clover. Titha kunena bwinobwino kuti zomerazi zimakula zochuluka chonchi chifukwa cha ziphuphu zokha. Mwachitsanzo, njuchi zazikuluzikulu zidabweretsedwa ku Australia ndendende ndi cholinga chobzala ndi kutsitsa mungu wa clover.
Mitundu ya anyani ambirimbiri ndiyambiri. Lero lokha, pali mitundu yoposa mazana atatu. Nyama izi zimakhala zochuluka pafupifupi pafupifupi makontinenti onse apadziko lapansi. Kupatula kwake ndi Antarctica. Bumblebees amaberekana mofulumira, mwanzeru, ndipo nthawi zina amabalidwa ndi anthu kuti azilima. Pazifukwa izi, kuchuluka kwa nyamazi ndikokhazikika.
Mwambiri, kuchuluka kwa anyani masiku ano sikuli pachiwopsezo. Mitunduyi idapatsidwa mwayi wokhala ndi nkhawa. Komabe, zitha kudziwika kuti ndizosatheka kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa tizirombazi molondola pazifukwa zomveka. Ndi ochepa kwambiri, nthawi zina amakhala m'malo ovuta kufikako. Ndizosatheka kudziwa kuchuluka kwa nyamazi.
Chitetezo cha njuchi
Chithunzi: Bumblebee Red Book
Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa njuchi, oimira ena amtunduwu amadziwika kuti ndi tizilombo tomwe timazimiririka pang'onopang'ono. Mitundu ina ya njuchi zikufa pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa chake zidaphatikizidwa mu Red Data Books za mayiko ndi mizinda ina. N'zovuta kutchula zifukwa zenizeni zakutha kwa nyamazi.
Komabe, zinthu zotsatirazi zimasokoneza kuchuluka kwa anyaniwa: kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwachilengedwe m'zigawozo, momwe zimakhudzira tizilombo ta adani achilengedwe, kuwononga zisa za anthu, komanso kusowa kwa chakudya.
Bumblebee waku Armenia ndi mitundu yosawerengeka. Zinalembedwa mu Red Book la Ukraine, Russia. Nyama iyi imagwira mungu wochokera ku Compositae, nyemba. Amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango, mapiri, kumapeto kwa nkhalango, komwe mitengo yamapiri imakula. Komanso, bumblebee wamba amalembedwa mu Red Book of Russia. M'magulu ochepa, akukhalabe m'malo ena a gawo la Europe ku Russia.
Ngakhale mitundu ina ya njuchi idalembedwa m'mabuku a Red Data. Palibe njira zofunikira zowatetezera. Izi ndichifukwa choti pali mitundu yambiri ya njuchi ndipo, mwambiri, mitundu iyi ndiyabwino. Komabe, pofuna kuteteza zotsalira za mitundu yosawerengeka, ndikofunikira m'njira zina kuchepetsa zochitika zachuma m'malo awo, kuletsa kuyatsa moto, komanso kuchepetsa kudyetsa.
Njuchi - Tizilombo tofiira, tothandiza kwambiri. Ndi pollinator wa chilengedwe chonse, sichimavulaza anthu, sichisonyeza kukwiya. Ziphuphu zimafalikira pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Amalekerera nyengo yozizira, pewani malo otentha chifukwa cha kuzindikiritsa kwa thupi lawo. Uwu ndi mtundu wapadera wa banja la njuchi, lomwe limayenera kusamalidwa mosamala ndi anthu, chifukwa mitundu ina ya njuchi yayikidwa kale mu Red Data Books zamayiko osiyanasiyana.
Tsiku lofalitsidwa: 17.04.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 19.09.2019 pa 21:38
