Nkhandwe yokhala ndi mtundu wakuda wakuda ndi bulauni ndi mtundu wa nkhandwe wamba. Chilombo chachilendochi chakhala msodzi wofunikira kwambiri wosodza. Nkhandwe ya siliva ndi gwero la ubweya wotentha kwambiri, wokongola komanso wotsika mtengo. Ubweya wa chirombo ichi umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira ubweya, zipewa, jekete ndi mitundu ina ya zovala. Kuphatikiza pa zabwino zoonekeratu kwa anthu, nkhandwe zasiliva ndi nyama yosangalatsa yomwe ili ndi zizolowezi zachilendo komanso moyo wawo. Dziwani zambiri za iye!
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Silver fox
Maonekedwe achidwi a chanterelle nthawi zambiri amatha kuwoneka m'mabuku a ana, magazini, ndi zikwangwani zosiyanasiyana. Pali nthano zambiri za nyamayi, nthano ndi nkhani zolembedwa za izo. Yemwe akuyimira nkhandwe wamba ndi nkhandwe zasiliva. Nkhandwe yakuda-bulauni ndiyokulirapo, kutalika kwake imatha kufikira masentimita makumi asanu ndi anayi.
Kanema: Siliva nkhandwe
Dziko lakwawo nkhandwe zasiliva ndi zigawo zakumpoto ku United States, Canada. Ndiko komwe mtundu uwu unayamba kukula ndikugawika. Komabe, masiku ano anthu ochepa kwambiri mwa nyama zimenezi amakhala kuthengo. Ambiri a iwo amasungidwa mu ukapolo, amakulira ubweya wabwino kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichachinsinsi kuti nkhandwe zimatchedwa nyama yochenjera kwambiri. Kodi zinachokera kuti? Zonse ndizokhudza chikhalidwe cha nyama. Ankhandwe, kuphatikizapo nkhandwe zasiliva, zikawathamangitsa kapena zikawaopsa, nthawi zonse zimakola mosamala mayendedwe awo. Amatha kubisala kangapo kuti asokeretse wotsutsa. Kusuntha kwanzeru kotereku kumathandiza nkhandwe kuthawa adani awo.
Kuyambira pachiyambi cha zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, nkhandwe zofiirira wakuda zakhala zikudziwidwa m'minda. Obereketsa adapanga mitundu yatsopano ya nkhandwe zasiliva. Chifukwa cha kusankha, mitundu khumi ndi imodzi idawonekera kale: ngale, biryulin, burgundy, mabokosi aku arctic, platinamu, colicotta, chisanu, Pushkin, wakuda siliva.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Fox fox
Nkhandwe yakuda bulauni ndi "mfumukazi" pakati pa nyama zosiyanasiyana zaubweya. Mbali yake yayikulu yakunja ndi ubweya wake wokongola. Amayamikiridwa kwambiri pamsika ndipo sataya kufunika kwawo mmaonekedwe amfashoni. Nkhandwe yachikale yakale ili ndi malaya akuda. Koma nthawi zambiri pamakhala nyama zokhala ndi ubweya waimvi, malo oyera. Ma villi ndi okwanira, ubweya ndiwofewa kwambiri, wotentha.
Monga mamembala ena am'banja, nkhandwe zasiliva zimasungunuka. Nthawi zambiri imayamba kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira ndikutha mu Julayi. Nthawi imeneyi, ubweya wa chilombocho ndiwowonda kwambiri, umafupikitsa. Komabe, atangomaliza kusungunuka, muluwo umayambiranso kukula, umakhala wolimba kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti nkhandwe zikhalebe ndi chisanu chachikulu popanda zovuta.
Makhalidwe ena akunja a nyama amakhala ofanana ndi mawonekedwe a nthumwi zonse:
- Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu asanu, kulemera kwake kuli pafupifupi makilogalamu khumi;
- Fluffy, mchira wowala. Iyi ndiye "khadi yoitanira" yama chanterelles onse. Mothandizidwa ndi mchira, nyama imabisala ku chisanu. Mchira ukhoza kukula mpaka masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi kutalika;
- Cholumikiza chophatikizira, mawoko owonda, makutu osongoka. Makutu nthawi zonse amakhala amtundu wamakona atatu, okongoletsedwa ndi nsonga yakuthwa;
- Maso abwino. Nyama zimatha kuwona bwino ngakhale usiku;
- Kununkhira bwino, kukhudza. Mphamvu izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nkhandwe posaka nyama yawo.
Kodi nkhandwe zasiliva zimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Silver fox nyama
Monga tanenera kale, mtundu woyamba wa nyama iyi unali Canada ndi North America. Ndiko komwe nkhandwe zasiliva zinakumana koyamba. M'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, nkhandwe zofiirira wakuda zidayamba kuyang'ana zigawo zamiyala ku Pennsylvania, Madeleine ngakhale New York. M'dera lawo, nkhandwe izi zimayimilidwa ndi anthu ambiri. Koma popita nthawi, nyamayo idagwidwa, ndikuphedwa, ndipo lero nkhandwe zasiliva zimawerengedwa kuti ndi nyama yomwe ili pangozi.
Kuti moyo ndi kuberekana kuthengo, nkhandwe zisankhe malo obisika okha. Amayang'ana malowa makamaka pamaso pa nyama. Amakonda kukhazikika m'malo omwe nyengo imakhala yotentha, pafupi ndi komwe kumapezeka madzi, nkhalango kapena mapiri amiyala.
Chosangalatsa: Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha nkhandwe zasiliva zomwe zimakhala kuthengo zalembedwa ku Canada. Pakadali pano, mtundu uwu umakhala woposa eyiti peresenti ya anthu okhala m'banja la nkhandwe m'bomalo.
Kusaka nkhandwe zasiliva kuthengo ndikoletsedwa. Lero, nyama izi zimaphunzitsidwa m'minda yapadera ya zoological posaka. Minda yotereyi ili pafupifupi pafupifupi mayiko onse akuluakulu, chifukwa ubweya wa nkhandwe yakuda kwambiri ukufunika kwambiri pamsika. Minda ili ndi zofunikira zonse zoweta nyama.
Kodi nkhandwe zasiliva zimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Silver fox m'chilengedwe
Zakudya za nkhandwe zasiliva ndizosiyanasiyana. Zimatengera momwe nkhandwe zimasungidwa. Ngati tikulankhula za nyama zomwe zimakhala momasuka, ndiye kuti ndizoimira ziwombankhanga. Chakudya chawo chachikulu ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Makamaka mbewa zodyedwa zimadyedwa. Nthawi zambiri nkhandwe zofiirira zimatha kudya kalulu kapena mbalame. Kusaka nyama izi kumatenga nthawi yochulukirapo komanso mphamvu kuchokera kwa iwo. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, nyamayo sichinyoza mazira a mbalame kapena timagulu tating'ono ta ana obadwa kumene.
Zosangalatsa: Nkhandwe ndizochenjera, zaluso, komanso osaka nyama. Amatha kuthamangitsa wozunzidwayo kwa maola angapo. Makhalidwe monga kupirira kwachilengedwe, kusamala, kupirira sikupezeka kawirikawiri nkhandwe zasiliva zitasiyidwa ndi njala.
Ngati nkhandwe sapeza makoswe ang'onoang'ono kapena mbalame pafupi, imathanso kudya tizilombo. Siliva nkhandwe imakonda kudya zikumbu zazikulu, mphutsi. Nthawi yomweyo, tizilombo amoyo samagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse. Nkhandwe yasiliva imathanso kudya kachilomboka kakufa. Nthawi zina, zakudya zina zazomera zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya za chilombocho. Nkhandwe yakuda kwambiri imatha kudya zipatso, mizu, zipatso, zipatso.
Mukasungidwa mu ukapolo, zakudya za nkhandwe zasiliva ndizosiyana kwambiri. M'minda ya zoological, nkhandwe zimadyetsedwa ndi chakudya chapadera. Chakudyacho chimakhala ndi mavitamini ofunikira, amafufuza, omwe ndi ofunikira kukulitsa ubweya wokongola. Olima ena amaphatikizapo nyama yatsopano, nkhuku, ndi masamba osiyanasiyana pakudya kwawo kwatsiku ndi tsiku.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Fox fox
Nkhandwe ya siliva ndi chilombo chosungulumwa. Ankhandwe awa amakonda kukhala padera. Amadziphatika okha munyengo yokhwima. Ngakhale atabadwa, nkhandwe ndi momwe adaleredwera, kudyetsa nthawi zambiri kumachitika ndi mkazi m'modzi. Kwa moyo wonsewo, adaniwa amasankha malo okhala ndi mbewa zazing'ono. Maenje amamangidwa m'malo otsetsereka, zipilala zazing'ono. Amatha kutenga nyama zosiyidwa zina, ngati zingakwane nawo kukula kwake.
Fox burrows nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zolowera zingapo komanso zotuluka. Ndi njira zonse zotumizira chisa. Nyamayo imasinkhasinkha mosamala kutuluka, sizovuta kudziwa mabowo awo. Ankhandwe akuda bulauni samangiriridwa mwamphamvu pamalo amodzi. Amatha kusintha nyumba zawo ngati kulibe chakudya m'gawo lakale. Kulumikizana kwambiri ndi malowa kumangowonetsedwa panthawi yodyetsa nkhandwe.
Masana, nkhandwe zimakonda kuthera nthawi yawo pogona, nthawi zina zimangopezeka pamsewu. Zolusa zimakonda kugwira ntchito usiku. Ndi nthawi yamadzulo pomwe mphamvu zawo zonse zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, maso awo amawona bwino kwambiri. Masana nkhandwe sichitha kusiyanitsa mitundu. Ankhandwe amakhala odekha, osathamanga, ochezeka. Samachita ndewu zosafunikira. Zikakhala zoopsa, nyamazi zimakonda kuthawa. Amasunga mosamala njanji zomwe zikubisalira kwawo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Ana a nkhandwe zasiliva
Nkhandwe zimaswana kamodzi pachaka. Nthawi yakumasulira imayamba kuyambira Januware mpaka Marichi. Munthawi imeneyi, nkhandwe zimapanga awiriawiri okhaokha. Nthawi zambiri, nkhandwe zazimuna zimakhala ndi zolimbana zazing'ono zazimayi. Pambuyo pa umuna, nkhandwe zimabwerera kumakhalidwe awo azokha. Amayi amabereka ana awo kwakanthawi kochepa - pafupifupi miyezi iwiri.
Pakati pa mimba imodzi, nkhandwe yaikazi yasiliva imakhala ndi ana agalu osachepera anayi. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, kuchuluka kwa ana kumatha kufikira anthu khumi ndi atatu. Ana agalu amabadwa akhungu komanso ogontha. Auricles awo amatsekedwa mpaka nthawi inayake. Pambuyo pa milungu iwiri yokha, anawo amayamba kusiyanitsa zinthu ndikumva bwino.
Chisamaliro chonse cha mwana nthawi zambiri chimakhala pamapewa a mayi. Abambo samachita nawo kalikonse. Mkazi amapeza chakudya, wamwamuna amatha kuteteza gawolo. Zikakhala zoopsa, akulu amasamutsa anawo kubisala posachedwa. Kukula kwa makanda kukuchitika mwachangu. Amaphunzira msanga kusaka komanso kusuntha. Ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ana agalu ambiri amasiya nyumba za makolo ndikuyamba kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Zosangalatsa: Nkhandwe zasiliva nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoweta. Amasungidwa m'nyumba ngati mphaka kapena galu. Ziweto zoterezi ziyenera kulowetsedwa ndikusawilitsidwa. Nthawi yokwatirana, amatha kukhala mwamakani kwambiri.
Ankhandwe akuda-bulauni amabereka bwino mu ukapolo. Amapangidwa makamaka ndi obereketsa kuti athe kupeza ubweya wokongola, wofunda. Njira yoswana, kusamalira ana agalu m'munda sikusiyana kwambiri.
Adani achilengedwe a nkhandwe zasiliva
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe ya siliva ya nyama
Siliva nkhandwe sikophweka. Monga ankhandwe onse, nyama imadziwa kusokoneza njanji, imayenda msanga, ndi yolimba komanso imatha kukwera mitengo.
Adani achilengedwe a nkhandwe zasiliva ndi awa:
- Za anthu. Anali munthu yemwe adatsogoza kuti nkhandwe ya siliva ili pafupi kutha. Alenje adawombera nyama zambiri chifukwa cha ubweya wawo. Komanso ankhandwe ena adawomberedwa chifukwa choopseza kuti angayambitse matenda a chiwewe. Ndi nkhandwe zakutchire zomwe ndizonyamula zazikulu za matenda owopsawa;
- Zilombo zakutchire. Ali mu ukapolo, nyama izi zimamwalira zochuluka kuchokera m'manja mwa adani. Nthawi zambiri amaukiridwa ndi mimbulu, mimbulu, agalu osochera, ziphuphu zazikulu, zimbalangondo. Chilombo chilichonse chachikulu kuposa nkhandwe zasiliva chitha kuonedwa ngati mdani wake wachilengedwe;
- Ferrets, amawononga. Nyama zazing'onozi zimathanso kupha nkhandwe;
- Mbalame zodya nyama. Ankhandwe a siliva nthawi zambiri amamwalira ali aang'ono. Ankhandwe ang'onoang'ono amatha kupita kutali ndi makolo awo, kumene nyama zolusa zazikulu zimawapezako. Ankhandwe amaukiridwa ndi ziwombankhanga, nkhandwe, nkhandwe, mphungu.
Chosangalatsa: Lero, kusaka nkhandwe zasiliva ndikoletsedwa, ndipo palibe chifukwa. Nyama imaweta zochuluka m'minda yapadera. Okonda achilendo okha amatha kugula mwana wagalu siliva kuti asungire nyumba. Nyama izi ndizosavuta kuweta.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Silver fox
Siliva nkhandwe ndi nyama yodya nyama yokhala ndi utoto wapadera. Ubweya wake ndiwofunika kwambiri. Mwa nyama zaubweya, nkhandwe zamtunduwu ndizofunikira kwambiri. Kuyambira kale, ubweya wawo wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zovala zosiyanasiyana zaubweya: ma kolala, ma cuff, malaya aubweya, ma jekete, ma vest. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi miyala kukongoletsa matumba ndi nsapato. Ubweya wa nkhandwe yakuda bulauni imagonjetsedwa ndi kuwonongeka kwakuthupi. Malinga ndi izi, imakhala pachinayi padziko lapansi pakati pa ubweya wa nyama zina.
Unali ubweya womwe udakhala chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepa mwachangu kwa ziweto m'malo awo achilengedwe. Chiwerengero cha nkhandwe zasiliva chidatsala pang'ono kutheratu. Alenje amapha nyama makamaka nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yozizira, pomwe ubweya wa nyama umakhala wolimba kwambiri. Komanso gawo lalikulu lanyama lidawonongedwa chifukwa chakupanga magulu akuluakulu a chiwewe. Asanalandire katemera wamlomo, vutoli lidathetsedwa pokhapokha mwa kupha nyama. Tsopano kufunikira kwa izi kwatha kwathunthu.
Ngakhale kuti kuwomberana kwa nkhandwe zasiliva kudasiya kalekale, kuchuluka kwa nyama sikunapezeke ngakhale lero. Ankhandwe a siliva amawerengedwa ngati nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha, zalembedwa mu Red Book ndikutetezedwa ndi malamulo padziko lonse lapansi.
Kuteteza nkhandwe zasiliva
Chithunzi: Silver Fox Red Book
Lero nkhandwe zasiliva ndi nyama yomwe yatchulidwa mu Red Book. Amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yosamalira; mtundu wa nkhandwewu umabweretsa mavuto akulu. Kuthengo, oimira ochepa chabe a nkhandwe zasiliva adatsalira.
Izi ndichifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana:
- Kawirikawiri mphukira. Ngakhale kuletsa, milandu yotere imachitika ngakhale nthawi yathu ino;
- Zachilengedwe zosauka, kusowa kwa chakudya. M'malo okhala achilengedwe, nyama zilibe chakudya chokwanira, nthaka ndi madzi padziko lapansi zaipitsidwa;
- Kuukira kwa adani achilengedwe, matenda. Ankhandwe a siliva amakhudzidwa ndi zilombo zazikulu, pomwe nkhandwe zimamwalira chifukwa cha mbalame. Komanso nyama zina zimafa ndi matenda enaake.
Komanso, nkhandwe zasiliva zikuchepa mwachangu chifukwa chakuchepa kwa nyama kuthengo. Ankhandwe sakhala zaka zoposa zitatu ali mwaufulu. Zotsalira za nkhandwe zasiliva zasungidwa pano ku United States ndi Canada. Ndizosowa kwambiri kuti oimira mitundu iyi amapezeka ku Russia.
Kuletsa kutha, sungani mitundu ya nkhandwe zasiliva, mayiko ambiri amapereka chindapusa ndi zilango zina popha nyamazi. Anayambanso kuswana ndikuwateteza kumadera osiyanasiyana, mapaki omwe ali padziko lonse lapansi.
Siliva nkhandwe ndi nyama yokongola, yonyezimira yokhala ndi ubweya wofunika. Mtundu uwu wa nkhandwe uli pachiwopsezo, kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala m'malo achilengedwe kumachepa mwachangu chaka chilichonse. Kuchokera pakutha kwathunthu kwa nyamazi, kuswana kwawo kokha m'malo osiyanasiyana m'mafamu opulumutsa.
Nkhandwe ya siliva wanzeru kwambiri, wochenjera, wosangalatsa nyama. Lero mwamtheradi aliyense atha kukhala mwini wa nyama ngati imeneyi. Ana agalu a siliva agulitsidwa m'masitolo apadera, amaweta mosavuta ndikusungidwa kunyumba.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 12.04.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 19.09.2019 pa 16:32
