Panther chameleon Ndi mitundu yonyezimira ya zokwawa za abuluzi zomwe zimakhala m'nkhalango zamvula za Republic of Madagascar. Izi "chameleons" zodziwika bwino ndizofala kwambiri pamalonda ogulitsa ziweto, ndipo kutchuka kwawo makamaka chifukwa cha zikopa zawo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zamoyozi zimasintha mtundu mofanana ndi anyawi ena, koma modabwitsa kwambiri. Mitundu ndi matchulidwe a anthu akutali ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi anzawo, kutengera mitundu yawo.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Panther Chameleon
Kwa nthawi yoyamba chameleon wa panther adafotokozedwa ndi Mfalansa wachifalansa Georges Cuvier mu 1829. Dzina lachirengedwe (Furcifer), lochokera ku mizu yachilatini furci, lotanthauza "foloko", ndikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a miyendo ya nyama. Dzinalo pardalis amatanthauza mtundu wa nyamayo, chifukwa m'Chilatini zimamveka ngati "kambuku" kapena "wowonera panther". Liwu la Chingerezi chameleon limachokera ku Latin chamaeleō, lobwerekedwa ku Greek χαμαιλέων (khamailéōn) - kuphatikiza mawu awiri, χαμαί (khamaí) "padziko lapansi" + λέων (léōn) "mkango."
Kanema: Panther Chameleon
Kanyonga kofala kwambiri ndi Anqingosaurus brevicephalus wochokera ku Middle Paleocene (pafupifupi 58.7-61.7 Ma), wochokera ku China. Zakale zakale za chameleon ndi Chamaeleo caroliquarti wochokera ku Lower Miocene (pafupifupi 13-23 Ma) ku Czech Republic ndi Germany, ndi Chamaeleo ntermedius wochokera ku Upper Miocene (pafupifupi 5-13 Ma) ochokera ku Kenya.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ma chameleon mwina ndi achikulire kwambiri, kholo limodzi lokhala ndi iguanids ndi agamids zaka 100 miliyoni zapitazo. Popeza zakale zakufa zakale zapezeka ku Africa, Europe ndi Asia, chameleon anali ofala kwambiri m'mbuyomu kuposa masiku ano.
Ngakhale kuti tsopano ku Madagascar kuli pafupifupi theka la mitundu yonse ya bilimankhwe, izi sizikusonyeza kuti bilimankhwe amachokera kumeneko. M'malo mwake, zawonetsedwa posachedwa kuti ayenera kuti adachokera kumtunda kwa Africa. Pakhoza kukhala kuti panali magulu awiri osamuka kuchokera kumtunda kupita ku Madagascar. Asayansi aganiza kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chameleon imawonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa malo okhala (savannas, grassland and seelandands) omwe adatsagana ndi nthawi ya Oligocene. Monophilia wabanja amathandizidwa ndi kafukufuku.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Panther chameleon nyama
Amphongo achimuna amatha kutalika mpaka masentimita 20, koma kutalika kwa nyama kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 17. Akazi ndi ochepa, pafupifupi theka. Momwe mawonekedwe azakugonana, amuna amakhala owala kwambiri kuposa akazi. Thupi limajambulidwa mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya buluu ndi yobiriwira, ndipo nthawi zina imakhala yakuda, ndi mawanga owala achikaso, pinki, lalanje ndi ofiira. Ma chameleon achimuna nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mikwingwirima yofiira komanso yabuluu pathupi pawo. Ma chameleon achikasu nawonso siachilendo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mitunduyi imasiyanasiyana kutengera komwe kuli. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu ya chameleon nthawi zambiri imadziwika kuti "locales," kutanthauza kuti mitunduyo imasankhidwa malinga ndi komwe imakhalako.
Akazi amakonda kukhalabe abulauni kapena abulauni ndi mithunzi ya pinki, pichesi kapena lalanje lowala, ngakhale atakhala kuti, koma pali kusiyana pang'ono pamitundu ndi mitundu pakati pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Amuna amalemera kuyambira magalamu 140 mpaka 185, ndipo akazi kuyambira magalamu 60 mpaka 100.
- Mapazi: zala 5 zimalumikizidwa m'magulu awiri a zala ziwiri ndi zitatu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapazi aziyang'ana mwamphamvu. Gulu la zala ziwiri lili panja ndipo gulu la atatu lili mkati.
- Maso: Ozungulira mozungulira ndipo amatha kuzungulira momasuka. Diso lililonse limatha kuyang'ana palokha pazinthu ziwiri zosiyana.
- Mphuno: Mphuno ziwiri zazing'ono pamwamba pakamwa, monga mitundu ina yambiri ya bilimankhwe. Ali ndi ntchofu zoyera pamphuno zawo.
- Mchira: Kutalika pang'ono komanso kusinthasintha. Bilimankhwe amatha kumazungulira momasuka malinga ndi zosowa zake.
Pogwirizana ndi mawonekedwe azakugonana, ma chameleon achimuna amakhala ndi zotumphukira pang'ono pamutu pawo.
Kodi panther chameleon amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Reptile Panther Chameleon
Ngakhale kuti mbalamezi zimapezeka ku Madagascar (kufupi ndi Africa), mitunduyi idadziwikanso pachilumba chachikulu cha Mauritius ndi chilumba chapafupi cha Reunion, komwe chakhazikika m'nkhalango ngati nyama yolanda. Ku Madagascar, mtundu uwu umapezeka makamaka m'malo athyathyathya chakum'mawa ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa chilumbachi, kuyambira 80 mpaka 950 m pamwamba pamadzi, ngakhale sichipezeka pamwambapa 700 m.
Panther chameleons amakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi nthaka ya m'nkhalango kuposa mitundu ina yambiri. Amakhala m'masamba a mitengo yaying'ono, m'malo okhala ndi nkhalango zamvula. Masamba awo ndi ochepa, makamaka m'malo okhala ndi zomera zambiri. Chivundikiro chobiriwira chimawathandiza kukhala ndi moyo, chifukwa amakhala okhazikika ndipo amakhala m'mitengo yokha, osati pansi.
Abuluziwa amasiyana mitundu, ndipo mtundu uliwonse umafananira ndi dera lomwe mtunduwo udakhalamo. Panther chameleons amatenga mayina awo kutengera komwe amachokera, kutsatiridwa ndi mawu oti "chameleon".
Mitundu yotsatirayi ikufotokozedwa motere:
- Ambanja;
- Ambilobe;
- Ambato;
- Ambodirafia;
- Andapa;
- Sungani;
- Ampiskiana;
- Ankaramy;
- Joffreville;
- Masoala;
- Maroantsetra;
- Nosy Ankarea;
- Nosy Boraha;
- Nosy Radama;
- Nosy Mits;
- Nosy Faly;
- Kuyanjananso;
- Nosy Khalani;
- Tamatave;
- Sambava.
Malo awo okhala ndi nkhalango yamvula m'mphepete mwa nyanja kumpoto kwa Madagascar. Kunja kwa chilumbachi, amakhala ngati ziweto padziko lonse lapansi monga ziweto komanso monga mitundu yowononga ku Reunion ndi Mauritius.
Kodi panther chameleon amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Panther chameleon m'chilengedwe
Mbalame zam'madzi makamaka zimadya nyongolotsi zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapezeka kuthengo, komanso tizilombo: crickets, ziwala, mphemvu, ndi zina. Kutentha kozungulira kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimadyedwa. Madagascar Chameleon Panther amayang'anira kuchuluka kwa vitamini D3 mthupi lake, chifukwa chakudya chawo cha tizilombo ndi gwero loipa. Kuti achite izi, amawunikiridwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, chifukwa gawo lake la ultraviolet limapangitsa kuti mavitaminiwa apangidwe mkati.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti! Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera amaso, omwe amatha kuzungulira ndikusunthira padera, akuwona zinthu ziwiri nthawi imodzi, amalandila mawonekedwe ozungulira. Nyama yam'mimba ikazindikira nyama, imangoyang'ana mbali imodzi, kuti iwonetse bwino. Izi zimawathandiza kuti awone tizilombo tating'onoting'ono patali kwambiri (5-10 m).
Mbalame yamphongo imakhala ndi lilime lalitali kwambiri lomwe limalola kuti igwire nyama (nthawi zina kutalika kwake kumapitilira kutalika kwa thupi). Imagunda nyama pafupifupi masekondi 0.0030. Lilime la bilimankhwe ndi mafupa, minyewa, ndi minofu yolimba. Fupa, lomwe lili m'munsi mwa lilime, limathandizira kuliponyera mwachangu, ndikupatsa limba mphamvu zoyambirira zogwirira nyama.
Pamapeto pa lilime lotambasula pamakhala nyama yolimba, yofanana ndi mpira yodzaza ndi mamina okhwima, ngati mtundu woyamwa. Chinsinsicho chikangomamatira pachinthucho, chimakokedwa nthawi yomweyo pakamwa, pomwe nsagwada zolimba za chameleon panther zimachiphwanya ndipo chimayamwa.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Panther Chameleon
Zokwawa izi zimakhala pamtengo. Amayenda m'nthambi kupita ku tchire lalikulu ndikusaka nyama yawo. Panther chameleons ndi nyama zakutchire kwambiri ndipo amakhala nthawi yayitali m'gawo lawo.
Kusintha kwamitundu yawo kumakhala ndi matanthauzo osiyanasiyana:
- Yellow imasonyeza kukwiya kapena kupsa mtima;
- Buluu wonyezimira / buluu akuwonetsa kuti bilimankhwe akufuna kukopa wina;
- Green amatanthauza mkhalidwe wodekha ndi womasuka;
- Mitundu yoyera imawonetsa cholinga chokwatirana.
Anthu ena amakhulupirira kuti bilimankhwe aliyense amatha kusintha mtundu kuti agwirizane ndi malo ake. Ma chameleon onse amakhala ndi mtundu wachilengedwe womwe amabadwira, ndipo amawongolera mawonekedwe awo. Zonse zimadalira kutentha, kusinthasintha komanso kuwala. Mwachitsanzo, ngati chibakuwa sichingafanane ndi mitundu yomwe mitundu iyi ingasinthe, ndiye kuti siyikhala yofiirira.
Panther chameleon kumalo okhala:
- M'maboma a Nosy Be, Ankif ndi Ambanja, nthawi zambiri kumakhala kowala buluu;
- Ambilube, Antsiranana ndi Sambava - ofiira, obiriwira kapena lalanje;
- Madera a Maroantsetra ndi Tamatave ndi ofiira kwambiri;
- Kuphatikiza apo, pali magawo ena ambiri osintha ndi mawonekedwe mdera lapakati pakati ndi mkati mwa zigawo zina.
Kapangidwe ka miyendo kamalola kuti bulu wankazi agwire mwamphamvu kuti achepetse nthambi. Chala chilichonse chimakhala ndi chikhadabo chakuthwa kuti chikutengeke msanga pamene chimayenda pamalo monga mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo ndi khungwa pamene likuyenda. Panther chameleons amatha kukhala ndi zaka 5-7. Ngakhale ali mu ukapolo, zitsanzo zina zimawoneka kuti zikukhala zaka. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi akazi.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Animal panther chameleon
Panther chameleons amakula msinkhu osakwana miyezi isanu ndi iwiri. Nthawi zambiri nyama zimakhala zokha ndipo nthawi yokhwima yokha zimakhala nthawi yocheza ndi anzawo. Mkazi atha kugona kangapo konse kasanu mpaka kasanu m'moyo wake wonse, pambuyo pake amamwalira chifukwa chapanikizika mthupi. Nyama izi ndi mitala. Nthawi yoswana imayamba kuyambira Januware mpaka Meyi. Ngati chameleon wamwamuna akufuna kukwatirana, amapendeketsa mitu yawo mmwamba ndi pansi ndi mbali ndi mbali.
Chidwi! Mu ukapolo, wamwamuna ndi wamkazi samakhala limodzi mwamtendere. Mkazi amatha kufa ndi njala pamaso pa wamwamuna. Komabe, azimayi awiri atha kusungidwa bwino limodzi, ndipo makanda azimayi osiyanasiyana amatha kukhala limodzi ngati ali amisinkhu yofanana.
Akazi awiri amphongo akamapezeka kuti akangana pamkono ndi wamkazi, amakhala aukali, osintha mtundu wawo ndi kufufuma matupi awo kuti aoneke okulirapo. Ichi ndi chionetsero cha madera. Mikangano nthawi zambiri imathera panthawiyi, ndipo wotayika amabwerera, kukhala mdima wakuda kapena wotuwa. Komabe, ngati kukumana sikumathera mu gawo lowopsa, kumabweretsa kukulira ndi kuwombana kwina.
Mzimayi akaikira mazira, amasanduka wakuda kapena wakuda ndi mikwingwirima ya lalanje. Mitundu yeniyeni ya akazi omwe ali ndi umuna imasiyanasiyana ndi mtundu wa chameleon. Chilango chilichonse chimakhala ndi mazira 10 ndi 40. Zimatengera mtundu wa chakudya chomwe chimadyedwa komanso chakudya chotsatira chomwe mkazi amadya nthawi yapakati. Nthawi kuyambira kukhathamira mpaka kukutola mazira ndi masabata 3 mpaka 6. Kuswa kwa anapiye kumachitika patatha masiku 240 atakhazikika.
Adani achilengedwe a panther chameleon
Chithunzi: Panther Chameleon
Ma chameleon amakhala otsika kwambiri pagulu la chakudya ndipo apanga njira zingapo zopulumukira. Maso awo amayenda mosadutsana, chifukwa nthawi yomweyo amayang'ana mbali zosiyanasiyana. Amathanso kuthamanga akamathamangitsidwa.
Zowopsa zowopsa zamankhwala amtundu wa panther ndi awa:
- Njoka. Thamangitsani nyama ija m'mitengo. Mitundu monga njoka za Boomslang ndi Wine ndizomwe zimayambitsa ziwopsezozo. Makamaka, boomslangs amawopseza abuluzi, chifukwa amakhala nthawi yayitali m'mitengo. Amaba mazira a bandezi.
- Mbalame. Amayesa kugwira akambuku a panther pamitengo. Komabe, sizichita bwino pantchitoyi, chifukwa kubisala kwa nyama kumawateteza kuti asayang'ane masamba ake. Mbalame iliyonse imatha kutenga chameleon panther, koma zomwe zimawopseza kwambiri ndi mbalame zowuma, zikuku zokongola ndi ma hornbill. Hawk Cuckoo yatchulidwanso kuti ndiopseza abuluzi. Monga njoka, mbalame zimathanso kuba mazira.
- Anthu. Choopsa chachikulu kwa chameleon ndi anthu. Mabwana amakodwa ndi nyama zosaka nyama komanso anthu omwe amachita malonda ndi nyama zosowa. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo pa nthaka yaulimi amawaipitsa, ndipo kudula mitengo mwachisawawa kumachepetsa malo okhala. Munthu ndiye amachititsa moto wamnkhalango womwe umawononga zachilengedwe ku Madagascar.
- Nyama zina. Nyani nthawi zina amadya bilimankhwe. Ngakhale abulu achimuna ndi anyani nthawi zambiri samakhala m'malo amodzi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Panther chameleon reptile
Panther chameleons samakhudza kwambiri chilengedwe. Amadya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndi ena opanda mphalapala ndipo potero atha kukhudza tizilombo tomwe timakhala ndikuthandizira nyama zodya anzawo. Sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ndi anthu am'deralo momwe angagawidwire.
Abuluzi a Panther sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri m'zakudya zam'deralo, komabe, amagwidwa ndi zitsanzo zosowa zomwe zimagulitsidwa pamalonda apadziko lonse lapansi. United States, Europe ndi Asia ndiomwe amagula kwambiri zinthuzi.
Mitundu ya panther yakhala imodzi mwamitundu yofunidwa kwambiri ya chameleon pamalonda apadziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha utoto wake wokongola komanso kuswana bwino mu ukapolo. Kuchokera mu 1977 mpaka 2001, ntchentche ndi ma chameleon omwe amatumizidwa kunja amatumiza pafupifupi 8% ya mitundu yonse yamankhwala omwe amatumizidwa ku United States.
Pambuyo pake, malonda okhwima adayambitsidwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zogulitsa kunja kudakhazikika. Pakadali pano, pali chiopsezo chochepa kwa anthu amtunduwu mwachilengedwe. Kupatula zoopseza zakutha kwanyumba ndikusinthidwa
Zolemba! Malinga ndi lipoti la 2009 la United Press International, kontinenti ya Africa ndi zilumba zake zidataya maekala 9 miliyoni a nkhalango ndi minda chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha moto wolusa pakati pa 2000 ndi 2005.
Panther chameleon Amafuna kudzisungira okha malo okhala - ichi ndiye ntchito yayikulu yoteteza kuti pakhale chitetezo chanthawi yayitali. Mitundu yambiri ili kale m'malo otetezedwa: malo osungira zachilengedwe ndi mapaki. Koma akuwonongeka. Njira zonse zachitetezo zikuyenera kuyendetsedwa kuti muchepetse kulowererapo kwa zochita za anthu zomwe zingawopseze abuluzi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 12.04.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 19.09.2019 pa 16:35
